Delayed diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability

ABSTRACT In the developing countries, there is a long delay between parents’ first concerns and the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). Objective: To verify the time interval between the first concerns reported by parent...

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Main Authors: Janaína Aparecida de Oliveira Augusto, Carolina Kulcsar Caravieri, Rodrigo Genaro Arduini, Décio Brunoni, Sylvia Maria Ciasca, Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz Teixeira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Associação Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento 2025-08-01
Series:Dementia & Neuropsychologia
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1980-57642025000100419&lng=en&tlng=en
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author Janaína Aparecida de Oliveira Augusto
Carolina Kulcsar Caravieri
Rodrigo Genaro Arduini
Décio Brunoni
Sylvia Maria Ciasca
Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz Teixeira
author_facet Janaína Aparecida de Oliveira Augusto
Carolina Kulcsar Caravieri
Rodrigo Genaro Arduini
Décio Brunoni
Sylvia Maria Ciasca
Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz Teixeira
author_sort Janaína Aparecida de Oliveira Augusto
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT In the developing countries, there is a long delay between parents’ first concerns and the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). Objective: To verify the time interval between the first concerns reported by parents and the diagnosis of ASD and ID in a pediatric neurology outpatient clinic in the public health network in Brazil, and to verify any association between indicators of cognitive functioning and behavioral and emotional problems. Methods: One hundred and six children diagnosed with ID (n=69) and ASD (n=37), with a mean age of 10.03 years; standard deviation (SD)=2.2. The inclusion criteria were diagnoses of ID and ASD, and the exclusion criteria were comorbid conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disorder. Results: The mean age of reported first symptoms was 29.9 months (SD=19.5) for ASD and 37.9 months (SD=19.5) for ID; and the mean time from first concerns to diagnosis of ID was 6.8 years (SD=2.2) and 6.6 years (SD=2.7) for ASD. Children with ID scored significantly lower than those with ASD cognitive functioning (t [97]=-16.22, p<0.001). Children with ID had higher mean scores for externalizing problems (M=62.20; SD=11) and those with ASD had higher mean scores for internalizing problems (M=66.71; SD=10.01). Conclusion: The results indicated a late diagnosis in the sample and, given the mental health care received, the data highlight the need for training primary care professionals to identify and diagnose ASD and ID at an early stage.
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spelling doaj-art-bfc9adab7fef4798986fa90b871072082025-08-20T03:44:17ZengAssociação Neurologia Cognitiva e do ComportamentoDementia & Neuropsychologia1980-57642025-08-011910.1590/1980-5764-dn-2024-0279Delayed diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disabilityJanaína Aparecida de Oliveira Augustohttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3228-4231Carolina Kulcsar Caravierihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2817-6150Rodrigo Genaro Arduinihttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-6176Décio Brunonihttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6091-3838Sylvia Maria Ciascahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6904-8887Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz Teixeirahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-8414ABSTRACT In the developing countries, there is a long delay between parents’ first concerns and the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). Objective: To verify the time interval between the first concerns reported by parents and the diagnosis of ASD and ID in a pediatric neurology outpatient clinic in the public health network in Brazil, and to verify any association between indicators of cognitive functioning and behavioral and emotional problems. Methods: One hundred and six children diagnosed with ID (n=69) and ASD (n=37), with a mean age of 10.03 years; standard deviation (SD)=2.2. The inclusion criteria were diagnoses of ID and ASD, and the exclusion criteria were comorbid conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disorder. Results: The mean age of reported first symptoms was 29.9 months (SD=19.5) for ASD and 37.9 months (SD=19.5) for ID; and the mean time from first concerns to diagnosis of ID was 6.8 years (SD=2.2) and 6.6 years (SD=2.7) for ASD. Children with ID scored significantly lower than those with ASD cognitive functioning (t [97]=-16.22, p<0.001). Children with ID had higher mean scores for externalizing problems (M=62.20; SD=11) and those with ASD had higher mean scores for internalizing problems (M=66.71; SD=10.01). Conclusion: The results indicated a late diagnosis in the sample and, given the mental health care received, the data highlight the need for training primary care professionals to identify and diagnose ASD and ID at an early stage.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1980-57642025000100419&lng=en&tlng=enIntellectual DisabilityAutism Spectrum DisorderDelayed DiagnosisHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeParents
spellingShingle Janaína Aparecida de Oliveira Augusto
Carolina Kulcsar Caravieri
Rodrigo Genaro Arduini
Décio Brunoni
Sylvia Maria Ciasca
Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz Teixeira
Delayed diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability
Dementia & Neuropsychologia
Intellectual Disability
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Delayed Diagnosis
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Parents
title Delayed diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability
title_full Delayed diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability
title_fullStr Delayed diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability
title_full_unstemmed Delayed diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability
title_short Delayed diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability
title_sort delayed diagnosis in children with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability
topic Intellectual Disability
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Delayed Diagnosis
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Parents
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1980-57642025000100419&lng=en&tlng=en
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