Gut microbiota differences in children classified by extreme physical fitness and physical activity levels from a Chinese Cross-Sectional study

Abstract This study investigated the diversity, structure, dominant microbial populations, and their relationships with physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) metrics within the gut microbiota of children by comparing the gut microbiome composition and functional differences across four gr...

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Main Authors: Xiang Pan, Yibo Gao, Yanfeng Zhang, Koya Suzuki, Jin He, Xiaoxiao Chen, Lupei Jiang, Aoyu Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05302-8
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author Xiang Pan
Yibo Gao
Yanfeng Zhang
Koya Suzuki
Jin He
Xiaoxiao Chen
Lupei Jiang
Aoyu Zhang
author_facet Xiang Pan
Yibo Gao
Yanfeng Zhang
Koya Suzuki
Jin He
Xiaoxiao Chen
Lupei Jiang
Aoyu Zhang
author_sort Xiang Pan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigated the diversity, structure, dominant microbial populations, and their relationships with physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) metrics within the gut microbiota of children by comparing the gut microbiome composition and functional differences across four groups: low PA-high PF, high PA-high PF, high PA-low PF, and low PA-low PF. A total of 6,074 children aged 6–9 years were selected from full-time ordinary primary and secondary schools. Based on the quartiles of PF and PA, we sampled 120 individuals from each of the four groups (30/group) and collected fecal samples for high-throughput sequencing to analyze the gut microbiome composition. This study revealed that children with high PF exhibited a more abundant and diverse gut microbiome within the same PA level group. Under high PA conditions, the Chao1 and Shannon indices of the high PF group were significantly higher. Different dominant microbial taxa were identified within each group, and specific microbial populations were significantly correlated with various physical and exercise-related indices. This study indicates that the composition of children’s gut microbiota varies significantly based on the combined levels of PA and PF. Children with high PF show greater microbial diversity within similar PA levels, particularly under high PA conditions.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-bfc476aeb38a4aa4b6d25690b895587d2025-08-20T03:45:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-05302-8Gut microbiota differences in children classified by extreme physical fitness and physical activity levels from a Chinese Cross-Sectional studyXiang Pan0Yibo Gao1Yanfeng Zhang2Koya Suzuki3Jin He4Xiaoxiao Chen5Lupei Jiang6Aoyu Zhang7China Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceGraduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo UniversityChina Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceAbstract This study investigated the diversity, structure, dominant microbial populations, and their relationships with physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) metrics within the gut microbiota of children by comparing the gut microbiome composition and functional differences across four groups: low PA-high PF, high PA-high PF, high PA-low PF, and low PA-low PF. A total of 6,074 children aged 6–9 years were selected from full-time ordinary primary and secondary schools. Based on the quartiles of PF and PA, we sampled 120 individuals from each of the four groups (30/group) and collected fecal samples for high-throughput sequencing to analyze the gut microbiome composition. This study revealed that children with high PF exhibited a more abundant and diverse gut microbiome within the same PA level group. Under high PA conditions, the Chao1 and Shannon indices of the high PF group were significantly higher. Different dominant microbial taxa were identified within each group, and specific microbial populations were significantly correlated with various physical and exercise-related indices. This study indicates that the composition of children’s gut microbiota varies significantly based on the combined levels of PA and PF. Children with high PF show greater microbial diversity within similar PA levels, particularly under high PA conditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05302-8Gut microbiotaPhysical fitnessPhysical activityChildrenMicrobial diversity
spellingShingle Xiang Pan
Yibo Gao
Yanfeng Zhang
Koya Suzuki
Jin He
Xiaoxiao Chen
Lupei Jiang
Aoyu Zhang
Gut microbiota differences in children classified by extreme physical fitness and physical activity levels from a Chinese Cross-Sectional study
Scientific Reports
Gut microbiota
Physical fitness
Physical activity
Children
Microbial diversity
title Gut microbiota differences in children classified by extreme physical fitness and physical activity levels from a Chinese Cross-Sectional study
title_full Gut microbiota differences in children classified by extreme physical fitness and physical activity levels from a Chinese Cross-Sectional study
title_fullStr Gut microbiota differences in children classified by extreme physical fitness and physical activity levels from a Chinese Cross-Sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Gut microbiota differences in children classified by extreme physical fitness and physical activity levels from a Chinese Cross-Sectional study
title_short Gut microbiota differences in children classified by extreme physical fitness and physical activity levels from a Chinese Cross-Sectional study
title_sort gut microbiota differences in children classified by extreme physical fitness and physical activity levels from a chinese cross sectional study
topic Gut microbiota
Physical fitness
Physical activity
Children
Microbial diversity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05302-8
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