Microbial-Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grapevines: Molecular Mechanisms and Synergistic Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, and Endophytes
Grapevines (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) face significant challenges from abiotic stresses caused by climate change, including drought, salinity, and temperature extremes. This comprehensive review examined the role of beneficial microorganisms in enhancing grapevine tolerance to these stre...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Diana Dagher Dimitrios Taskos Snezhana Mourouzidou Nikolaos Monokrousos |
| author_facet | Diana Dagher Dimitrios Taskos Snezhana Mourouzidou Nikolaos Monokrousos |
| author_sort | Diana Dagher |
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| description | Grapevines (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) face significant challenges from abiotic stresses caused by climate change, including drought, salinity, and temperature extremes. This comprehensive review examined the role of beneficial microorganisms in enhancing grapevine tolerance to these stresses, focusing on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and endophytes. The study analyzes species-specific effects and their molecular mechanisms, highlighting how single and consortium inoculations improve plant resilience. AMF species, particularly <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> and <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, demonstrated significant enhancement in drought and salinity tolerance through improved nutrient uptake and stress response modulation. The PGPRs, <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> species, show remarkable abilities to mitigate various abiotic stresses through mechanisms including phytohormone production and antioxidant defense enhancement. Endophytic microorganisms such as <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> RG11 and <i>Serendipita indica</i> play crucial roles in stress mitigation through melatonin production and improved water retention, respectively. The synergistic effects of combined AMF, PGPR, and PGPF applications led to a significant increase in grapevine drought and salinity tolerance, improving nutrient uptake, photosynthesis rates, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Molecular analysis revealed that these microbial consortia regulate the expression of stress-responsive genes, particularly VvNCED and VvP5CS, enhancing grapevine resilience through improved osmotic adjustment, ROS scavenging, and hormonal regulation. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular pathways underlying stress tolerance, offering promising strategies for sustainable viticulture under climate change. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bfb20e0c92414850837c0e228d2cbbf0 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-bfb20e0c92414850837c0e228d2cbbf02025-08-20T02:20:57ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-05-0111659210.3390/horticulturae11060592Microbial-Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grapevines: Molecular Mechanisms and Synergistic Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, and EndophytesDiana Dagher0Dimitrios Taskos1Snezhana Mourouzidou2Nikolaos Monokrousos3University Center of International Programmes of Studies, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, GreeceInstitute of Olive Trees, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 1 S. Venizelou Str., 14123 Athens, GreeceUniversity Center of International Programmes of Studies, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, GreeceUniversity Center of International Programmes of Studies, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, GreeceGrapevines (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) face significant challenges from abiotic stresses caused by climate change, including drought, salinity, and temperature extremes. This comprehensive review examined the role of beneficial microorganisms in enhancing grapevine tolerance to these stresses, focusing on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and endophytes. The study analyzes species-specific effects and their molecular mechanisms, highlighting how single and consortium inoculations improve plant resilience. AMF species, particularly <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> and <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>, demonstrated significant enhancement in drought and salinity tolerance through improved nutrient uptake and stress response modulation. The PGPRs, <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> species, show remarkable abilities to mitigate various abiotic stresses through mechanisms including phytohormone production and antioxidant defense enhancement. Endophytic microorganisms such as <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> RG11 and <i>Serendipita indica</i> play crucial roles in stress mitigation through melatonin production and improved water retention, respectively. The synergistic effects of combined AMF, PGPR, and PGPF applications led to a significant increase in grapevine drought and salinity tolerance, improving nutrient uptake, photosynthesis rates, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Molecular analysis revealed that these microbial consortia regulate the expression of stress-responsive genes, particularly VvNCED and VvP5CS, enhancing grapevine resilience through improved osmotic adjustment, ROS scavenging, and hormonal regulation. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular pathways underlying stress tolerance, offering promising strategies for sustainable viticulture under climate change.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/6/592AMFPGPRendophytesmicrobial synergies |
| spellingShingle | Diana Dagher Dimitrios Taskos Snezhana Mourouzidou Nikolaos Monokrousos Microbial-Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grapevines: Molecular Mechanisms and Synergistic Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, and Endophytes Horticulturae AMF PGPR endophytes microbial synergies |
| title | Microbial-Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grapevines: Molecular Mechanisms and Synergistic Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, and Endophytes |
| title_full | Microbial-Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grapevines: Molecular Mechanisms and Synergistic Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, and Endophytes |
| title_fullStr | Microbial-Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grapevines: Molecular Mechanisms and Synergistic Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, and Endophytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial-Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grapevines: Molecular Mechanisms and Synergistic Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, and Endophytes |
| title_short | Microbial-Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Grapevines: Molecular Mechanisms and Synergistic Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, and Endophytes |
| title_sort | microbial enhanced abiotic stress tolerance in grapevines molecular mechanisms and synergistic effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and endophytes |
| topic | AMF PGPR endophytes microbial synergies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/6/592 |
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