Bio-based flame retardants derived from forest industry — An approach towards circular economy
Several environmental studies on conventional flame retardants (FR) have shown them as presistent chemicals that may end up being environmental and health hazards. The advancement of eco-friendly FRs is accelerating due to the needs of improved safety and environmental sustainability. Developing bio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Resources, Environment and Sustainability |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666916125000416 |
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| author | Sritama Mukherjee Khan Mohammad Ahsan Uddin Irina Turku Anti Rohumaa Juha Lipponen |
| author_facet | Sritama Mukherjee Khan Mohammad Ahsan Uddin Irina Turku Anti Rohumaa Juha Lipponen |
| author_sort | Sritama Mukherjee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several environmental studies on conventional flame retardants (FR) have shown them as presistent chemicals that may end up being environmental and health hazards. The advancement of eco-friendly FRs is accelerating due to the needs of improved safety and environmental sustainability. Developing bio-based FR composite materials is crucial due to their regenerable resources, low toxicity, controllable biodegradability, and versatility in application. This review examines recent advancements in utilizing forest industry products, including cellulose and nanocellulose, along with byproducts like lignin and hemicellulose. It also addresses valorized organic waste streams of pulp industries, such as tannins and biopolyols, in the creation of materials that exhibit flame retardancy in polymers and textiles. The review demonstrates functionalization methodologies, qualitative and quantitative characterization carried out on their flame retardant properties following an overview of the FR mechanisms. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the future development of bio-based FRs are briefly identified, emphasizing on the need of utilizing waste materials as chemical precursors that can alleviate prevailing ecological concerns and open a new set of possibilities in material development in a circular economy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bfa9a9f22bc34423a1532f1379b6f8ef |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2666-9161 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Resources, Environment and Sustainability |
| spelling | doaj-art-bfa9a9f22bc34423a1532f1379b6f8ef2025-08-20T02:28:37ZengElsevierResources, Environment and Sustainability2666-91612025-09-012110022910.1016/j.resenv.2025.100229Bio-based flame retardants derived from forest industry — An approach towards circular economySritama Mukherjee0Khan Mohammad Ahsan Uddin1Irina Turku2Anti Rohumaa3Juha Lipponen4Aalto University, Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, 02150 Espoo, Finland; Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Correspondence to: Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.Aalto University, Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, 02150 Espoo, FinlandSouth-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, FiberLaboratory, 57200 Savonlinna, FinlandSouth-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, FiberLaboratory, 57200 Savonlinna, FinlandAalto University, Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, 02150 Espoo, FinlandSeveral environmental studies on conventional flame retardants (FR) have shown them as presistent chemicals that may end up being environmental and health hazards. The advancement of eco-friendly FRs is accelerating due to the needs of improved safety and environmental sustainability. Developing bio-based FR composite materials is crucial due to their regenerable resources, low toxicity, controllable biodegradability, and versatility in application. This review examines recent advancements in utilizing forest industry products, including cellulose and nanocellulose, along with byproducts like lignin and hemicellulose. It also addresses valorized organic waste streams of pulp industries, such as tannins and biopolyols, in the creation of materials that exhibit flame retardancy in polymers and textiles. The review demonstrates functionalization methodologies, qualitative and quantitative characterization carried out on their flame retardant properties following an overview of the FR mechanisms. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the future development of bio-based FRs are briefly identified, emphasizing on the need of utilizing waste materials as chemical precursors that can alleviate prevailing ecological concerns and open a new set of possibilities in material development in a circular economy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666916125000416Bio-basedFlame retardantSustainabilityForest industryIntumescence |
| spellingShingle | Sritama Mukherjee Khan Mohammad Ahsan Uddin Irina Turku Anti Rohumaa Juha Lipponen Bio-based flame retardants derived from forest industry — An approach towards circular economy Resources, Environment and Sustainability Bio-based Flame retardant Sustainability Forest industry Intumescence |
| title | Bio-based flame retardants derived from forest industry — An approach towards circular economy |
| title_full | Bio-based flame retardants derived from forest industry — An approach towards circular economy |
| title_fullStr | Bio-based flame retardants derived from forest industry — An approach towards circular economy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bio-based flame retardants derived from forest industry — An approach towards circular economy |
| title_short | Bio-based flame retardants derived from forest industry — An approach towards circular economy |
| title_sort | bio based flame retardants derived from forest industry an approach towards circular economy |
| topic | Bio-based Flame retardant Sustainability Forest industry Intumescence |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666916125000416 |
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