From the hills to the sea: Mineralogical and chemical characterization of a roof tile assemblage from the Byzantine church at Ashdod-Yam (Israel)

This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary approach characterizing roof tiles excavated at the Ashdod-Yam Byzantine church (Israel). Occupied from the late fourth/early fifth century CE, the building was destroyed by fire toward the end of the sixth century CE, sealed by tiles from the r...

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Main Authors: Philip Ebeling, Liora Bouzaglou, Dana Ashkenazi, Johannes H. Sterba, Alexander Fantalkin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. 2024-01-01
Series:Advances in Archaeomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266713602400013X
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author Philip Ebeling
Liora Bouzaglou
Dana Ashkenazi
Johannes H. Sterba
Alexander Fantalkin
author_facet Philip Ebeling
Liora Bouzaglou
Dana Ashkenazi
Johannes H. Sterba
Alexander Fantalkin
author_sort Philip Ebeling
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary approach characterizing roof tiles excavated at the Ashdod-Yam Byzantine church (Israel). Occupied from the late fourth/early fifth century CE, the building was destroyed by fire toward the end of the sixth century CE, sealed by tiles from the roof's collapse. The assemblage of 3846 roof tiles was initially classified through macroscopic and typological analysis. Selected samples were further subjected to optical microscopy of petrographic samples for provenance studies and ceramic technological insights, along with instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The findings reveal the artifacts to be imported from the eastern Mediterranean ophiolitic complexes and from the Judean Hills. Additionally, fragments of painted ceramic roof tiles were tested using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to assess the composition of the pigments, examine their microstructures, and understand the manufacturing technologies used. Despite the presence of different types of roof tiles, the paint applied to some of them was found to be uniform, consisting of red, ocher-based pigment, likely sourced locally and applied during the roof's construction. This comprehensive examination on a relatively unexplored type of material sheds new light on specific construction choices during the Byzantine period in the southern Levant.
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issn 2667-1360
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publishDate 2024-01-01
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series Advances in Archaeomaterials
spelling doaj-art-bf9c2f04a7e84ba7afedbb83a9b798e62025-08-20T02:02:07ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.Advances in Archaeomaterials2667-13602024-01-01510004010.1016/j.aia.2024.100040From the hills to the sea: Mineralogical and chemical characterization of a roof tile assemblage from the Byzantine church at Ashdod-Yam (Israel)Philip Ebeling0Liora Bouzaglou1Dana Ashkenazi2Johannes H. Sterba3Alexander Fantalkin4Institute of Classical and Christian Archaeology, University of Münster, Germany; Corresponding author.Paris 1 Panthéon, Sorbonne, Paris, France; Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, IsraelTel Aviv University, IsraelCenter for Labelling and Isotope Production, TU Wien, AustriaDepartment of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, IsraelThis paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary approach characterizing roof tiles excavated at the Ashdod-Yam Byzantine church (Israel). Occupied from the late fourth/early fifth century CE, the building was destroyed by fire toward the end of the sixth century CE, sealed by tiles from the roof's collapse. The assemblage of 3846 roof tiles was initially classified through macroscopic and typological analysis. Selected samples were further subjected to optical microscopy of petrographic samples for provenance studies and ceramic technological insights, along with instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The findings reveal the artifacts to be imported from the eastern Mediterranean ophiolitic complexes and from the Judean Hills. Additionally, fragments of painted ceramic roof tiles were tested using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to assess the composition of the pigments, examine their microstructures, and understand the manufacturing technologies used. Despite the presence of different types of roof tiles, the paint applied to some of them was found to be uniform, consisting of red, ocher-based pigment, likely sourced locally and applied during the roof's construction. This comprehensive examination on a relatively unexplored type of material sheds new light on specific construction choices during the Byzantine period in the southern Levant.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266713602400013XAshdod-YamByzantine churchCeramic petrographyINAANatural pigmentRoof tiles
spellingShingle Philip Ebeling
Liora Bouzaglou
Dana Ashkenazi
Johannes H. Sterba
Alexander Fantalkin
From the hills to the sea: Mineralogical and chemical characterization of a roof tile assemblage from the Byzantine church at Ashdod-Yam (Israel)
Advances in Archaeomaterials
Ashdod-Yam
Byzantine church
Ceramic petrography
INAA
Natural pigment
Roof tiles
title From the hills to the sea: Mineralogical and chemical characterization of a roof tile assemblage from the Byzantine church at Ashdod-Yam (Israel)
title_full From the hills to the sea: Mineralogical and chemical characterization of a roof tile assemblage from the Byzantine church at Ashdod-Yam (Israel)
title_fullStr From the hills to the sea: Mineralogical and chemical characterization of a roof tile assemblage from the Byzantine church at Ashdod-Yam (Israel)
title_full_unstemmed From the hills to the sea: Mineralogical and chemical characterization of a roof tile assemblage from the Byzantine church at Ashdod-Yam (Israel)
title_short From the hills to the sea: Mineralogical and chemical characterization of a roof tile assemblage from the Byzantine church at Ashdod-Yam (Israel)
title_sort from the hills to the sea mineralogical and chemical characterization of a roof tile assemblage from the byzantine church at ashdod yam israel
topic Ashdod-Yam
Byzantine church
Ceramic petrography
INAA
Natural pigment
Roof tiles
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266713602400013X
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