Intime conviction’ in Germany: Conceptual Foundations, Historical Development and Current Meaning

The paper analyses the concept of «intime conviction» from the perspective of the German reformed inquisitorial criminal procedure. It starts off with the discussion of the foundations of the concept and explains how it – in essence, a flexible method to assess the available evidence – is integrated...

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Main Author: Kai Ambos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universitat de Girona. Cátedra de Cultura Jurídica 2023-02-01
Series:Quaestio Facti
Subjects:
Online Access:https://revistes.udg.edu/quaestio-facti/article/view/22839
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author Kai Ambos
author_facet Kai Ambos
author_sort Kai Ambos
collection DOAJ
description The paper analyses the concept of «intime conviction» from the perspective of the German reformed inquisitorial criminal procedure. It starts off with the discussion of the foundations of the concept and explains how it – in essence, a flexible method to assess the available evidence – is integrated in the larger topic of the law of evidence, especially its production and evaluation (infra 1.). One key issue in this regard is how much freedom is given to the adjudicator to carry out the evidentiary evaluation and how this freedom relates to the applicable standard of proof (Beweismaßstab, estándar probatorio), being «beyond any reasonable doubt» (BARD) the most popular one. At any rate, in a (reformed) inquisitorial system all persons involved in the evidentiary process should be guided by the search for truth. To fully understand «intime conviction» and how it operates in the reformed inquisitorial procedure it is necessary to take a look at the historical development and the different factors influencing this development (2.). Here again the importance of the fact-finding authority (professional judges vs. laypersons, especially jury) comes to light and its dependence or at least relationship with the system of evidentiary evaluation. It will be seen that while the current system is based on the historical precedents the historical development has not been linear. This current system is then analysed in the following section (3.). It will be shown that it moves somewhere between the former system of legal proof and free evaluation. An expansive appeals jurisprudence has increasingly turned the «free conviction» into a sort of «conviction raisonnée», the lack of remaining (reasonable) doubts as a basis for a conviction makes clear that  it is the BARD standard which effectively informs the intime conviction method in substantive terms. The paper closes with some further considerations on the justification of the (high) standard and the (formally not necessary) proof of defences (4.).
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spelling doaj-art-bf96a23cc62e43339c35a89b0761545d2025-08-20T02:02:26ZengUniversitat de Girona. Cátedra de Cultura JurídicaQuaestio Facti2660-45152604-62022023-02-01410.33115/udg_bib/qf.i1.2283913423Intime conviction’ in Germany: Conceptual Foundations, Historical Development and Current MeaningKai Ambos0Georg-August-Universität GöttingenThe paper analyses the concept of «intime conviction» from the perspective of the German reformed inquisitorial criminal procedure. It starts off with the discussion of the foundations of the concept and explains how it – in essence, a flexible method to assess the available evidence – is integrated in the larger topic of the law of evidence, especially its production and evaluation (infra 1.). One key issue in this regard is how much freedom is given to the adjudicator to carry out the evidentiary evaluation and how this freedom relates to the applicable standard of proof (Beweismaßstab, estándar probatorio), being «beyond any reasonable doubt» (BARD) the most popular one. At any rate, in a (reformed) inquisitorial system all persons involved in the evidentiary process should be guided by the search for truth. To fully understand «intime conviction» and how it operates in the reformed inquisitorial procedure it is necessary to take a look at the historical development and the different factors influencing this development (2.). Here again the importance of the fact-finding authority (professional judges vs. laypersons, especially jury) comes to light and its dependence or at least relationship with the system of evidentiary evaluation. It will be seen that while the current system is based on the historical precedents the historical development has not been linear. This current system is then analysed in the following section (3.). It will be shown that it moves somewhere between the former system of legal proof and free evaluation. An expansive appeals jurisprudence has increasingly turned the «free conviction» into a sort of «conviction raisonnée», the lack of remaining (reasonable) doubts as a basis for a conviction makes clear that  it is the BARD standard which effectively informs the intime conviction method in substantive terms. The paper closes with some further considerations on the justification of the (high) standard and the (formally not necessary) proof of defences (4.).https://revistes.udg.edu/quaestio-facti/article/view/22839intime convictionbeyond reasonable doubtlegal proofevidentiary rulesfree evaluation
spellingShingle Kai Ambos
Intime conviction’ in Germany: Conceptual Foundations, Historical Development and Current Meaning
Quaestio Facti
intime conviction
beyond reasonable doubt
legal proof
evidentiary rules
free evaluation
title Intime conviction’ in Germany: Conceptual Foundations, Historical Development and Current Meaning
title_full Intime conviction’ in Germany: Conceptual Foundations, Historical Development and Current Meaning
title_fullStr Intime conviction’ in Germany: Conceptual Foundations, Historical Development and Current Meaning
title_full_unstemmed Intime conviction’ in Germany: Conceptual Foundations, Historical Development and Current Meaning
title_short Intime conviction’ in Germany: Conceptual Foundations, Historical Development and Current Meaning
title_sort intime conviction in germany conceptual foundations historical development and current meaning
topic intime conviction
beyond reasonable doubt
legal proof
evidentiary rules
free evaluation
url https://revistes.udg.edu/quaestio-facti/article/view/22839
work_keys_str_mv AT kaiambos intimeconvictioningermanyconceptualfoundationshistoricaldevelopmentandcurrentmeaning