A scalable reinforcement learning framework inspired by hippocampal memory mechanisms for efficient contextual and sequential decision making

Abstract Efficient decision-making in context-dependent, sequential tasks remains a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). Inspired by the function of the brain’s hippocampal system, we introduce Hippocampal-Augmented Memory Integration (HAMI), a biologically inspired memory-based RL...

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Main Authors: Hamed Poursiami, Ayana Moshruba, Keiland W. Cooper, Derek Gobin, Md Abdullah-Al Kaiser, Ankur Singh, Rouhan Noor, Babak Shahbaba, Akhilesh Jaiswal, Norbert J. Fortin, Maryam Parsa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10586-x
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author Hamed Poursiami
Ayana Moshruba
Keiland W. Cooper
Derek Gobin
Md Abdullah-Al Kaiser
Ankur Singh
Rouhan Noor
Babak Shahbaba
Akhilesh Jaiswal
Norbert J. Fortin
Maryam Parsa
author_facet Hamed Poursiami
Ayana Moshruba
Keiland W. Cooper
Derek Gobin
Md Abdullah-Al Kaiser
Ankur Singh
Rouhan Noor
Babak Shahbaba
Akhilesh Jaiswal
Norbert J. Fortin
Maryam Parsa
author_sort Hamed Poursiami
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Efficient decision-making in context-dependent, sequential tasks remains a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). Inspired by the function of the brain’s hippocampal system, we introduce Hippocampal-Augmented Memory Integration (HAMI), a biologically inspired memory-based RL framework that leverages symbolic indexing, hierarchical memory refinement, and structured episodic retrieval to enhance both learning efficiency and adaptability. We also propose Hierarchical Contextual Sequences (HiCoS), a structured RL environment grounded in neuroscience studies on episodic and sequence memory and context-driven decision-making, which serves as a controlled testbed for evaluating biologically inspired memory-based decision-making systems. Our experimental results demonstrate that HAMI achieves high decision accuracy and improved sample efficiency while maintaining low memory utilization. HAMI’s architecture exhibits significantly lower inference latency than baseline memory-based methods, and its structured retrieval is well-suited for further hardware acceleration with non-volatile memory (NVM)-based content-addressable memory (CAM). By integrating biologically inspired memory mechanisms with structured symbolic representations, HAMI provides a scalable and efficient memory-based RL framework for tackling context-dependent sequential tasks.
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issn 2045-2322
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spelling doaj-art-bf8cc803b0c2402f93c2b190cc22891c2025-08-20T03:43:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-10586-xA scalable reinforcement learning framework inspired by hippocampal memory mechanisms for efficient contextual and sequential decision makingHamed Poursiami0Ayana Moshruba1Keiland W. Cooper2Derek Gobin3Md Abdullah-Al Kaiser4Ankur Singh5Rouhan Noor6Babak Shahbaba7Akhilesh Jaiswal8Norbert J. Fortin9Maryam Parsa10Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason UniversityCenter for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, UC IrvineDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason UniversityDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin MadisonDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin MadisonDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin MadisonDepartment of Statistics, UC IrvineDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin MadisonCenter for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, UC IrvineDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason UniversityAbstract Efficient decision-making in context-dependent, sequential tasks remains a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). Inspired by the function of the brain’s hippocampal system, we introduce Hippocampal-Augmented Memory Integration (HAMI), a biologically inspired memory-based RL framework that leverages symbolic indexing, hierarchical memory refinement, and structured episodic retrieval to enhance both learning efficiency and adaptability. We also propose Hierarchical Contextual Sequences (HiCoS), a structured RL environment grounded in neuroscience studies on episodic and sequence memory and context-driven decision-making, which serves as a controlled testbed for evaluating biologically inspired memory-based decision-making systems. Our experimental results demonstrate that HAMI achieves high decision accuracy and improved sample efficiency while maintaining low memory utilization. HAMI’s architecture exhibits significantly lower inference latency than baseline memory-based methods, and its structured retrieval is well-suited for further hardware acceleration with non-volatile memory (NVM)-based content-addressable memory (CAM). By integrating biologically inspired memory mechanisms with structured symbolic representations, HAMI provides a scalable and efficient memory-based RL framework for tackling context-dependent sequential tasks.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10586-x
spellingShingle Hamed Poursiami
Ayana Moshruba
Keiland W. Cooper
Derek Gobin
Md Abdullah-Al Kaiser
Ankur Singh
Rouhan Noor
Babak Shahbaba
Akhilesh Jaiswal
Norbert J. Fortin
Maryam Parsa
A scalable reinforcement learning framework inspired by hippocampal memory mechanisms for efficient contextual and sequential decision making
Scientific Reports
title A scalable reinforcement learning framework inspired by hippocampal memory mechanisms for efficient contextual and sequential decision making
title_full A scalable reinforcement learning framework inspired by hippocampal memory mechanisms for efficient contextual and sequential decision making
title_fullStr A scalable reinforcement learning framework inspired by hippocampal memory mechanisms for efficient contextual and sequential decision making
title_full_unstemmed A scalable reinforcement learning framework inspired by hippocampal memory mechanisms for efficient contextual and sequential decision making
title_short A scalable reinforcement learning framework inspired by hippocampal memory mechanisms for efficient contextual and sequential decision making
title_sort scalable reinforcement learning framework inspired by hippocampal memory mechanisms for efficient contextual and sequential decision making
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10586-x
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