Loss of PIKfyve drives the spongiform degeneration in prion diseases

Abstract Brain‐matter vacuolation is a defining trait of all prion diseases, yet its cause is unknown. Here, we report that prion infection and prion‐mimetic antibodies deplete the phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve—which controls endolysosomal maturation—from mouse brains, cultured cells, organotypic...

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Main Authors: Asvin K K Lakkaraju, Karl Frontzek, Emina Lemes, Uli Herrmann, Marco Losa, Rajlakshmi Marpakwar, Adriano Aguzzi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer Nature 2021-07-01
Series:EMBO Molecular Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202114714
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author Asvin K K Lakkaraju
Karl Frontzek
Emina Lemes
Uli Herrmann
Marco Losa
Rajlakshmi Marpakwar
Adriano Aguzzi
author_facet Asvin K K Lakkaraju
Karl Frontzek
Emina Lemes
Uli Herrmann
Marco Losa
Rajlakshmi Marpakwar
Adriano Aguzzi
author_sort Asvin K K Lakkaraju
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Brain‐matter vacuolation is a defining trait of all prion diseases, yet its cause is unknown. Here, we report that prion infection and prion‐mimetic antibodies deplete the phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve—which controls endolysosomal maturation—from mouse brains, cultured cells, organotypic brain slices, and brains of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease victims. We found that PIKfyve is acylated by the acyltransferases zDHHC9 and zDHHC21, whose juxtavesicular topology is disturbed by prion infection, resulting in PIKfyve deacylation and rapid degradation, as well as endolysosomal hypertrophy and activation of TFEB‐dependent lysosomal enzymes. A protracted unfolded protein response (UPR), typical of prion diseases, also induced PIKfyve deacylation and degradation. Conversely, UPR antagonists restored PIKfyve levels in prion‐infected cells. Overexpression of zDHHC9 and zDHHC21, administration of the antiprion polythiophene LIN5044, or supplementation with the PIKfyve reaction product PI(3,5)P2 suppressed prion‐induced vacuolation and restored lysosomal homeostasis. Thus, PIKfyve emerges as a central mediator of vacuolation and neurotoxicity in prion diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-bf837fe83aa247b2b6e9fcd8e3b7e9982025-08-20T02:35:43ZengSpringer NatureEMBO Molecular Medicine1757-46761757-46842021-07-0113911710.15252/emmm.202114714Loss of PIKfyve drives the spongiform degeneration in prion diseasesAsvin K K Lakkaraju0Karl Frontzek1Emina Lemes2Uli Herrmann3Marco Losa4Rajlakshmi Marpakwar5Adriano Aguzzi6Institute of Neuropathology, University of ZurichInstitute of Neuropathology, University of ZurichInstitute of Neuropathology, University of ZurichInstitute of Neuropathology, University of ZurichInstitute of Neuropathology, University of ZurichInstitute of Neuropathology, University of ZurichInstitute of Neuropathology, University of ZurichAbstract Brain‐matter vacuolation is a defining trait of all prion diseases, yet its cause is unknown. Here, we report that prion infection and prion‐mimetic antibodies deplete the phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve—which controls endolysosomal maturation—from mouse brains, cultured cells, organotypic brain slices, and brains of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease victims. We found that PIKfyve is acylated by the acyltransferases zDHHC9 and zDHHC21, whose juxtavesicular topology is disturbed by prion infection, resulting in PIKfyve deacylation and rapid degradation, as well as endolysosomal hypertrophy and activation of TFEB‐dependent lysosomal enzymes. A protracted unfolded protein response (UPR), typical of prion diseases, also induced PIKfyve deacylation and degradation. Conversely, UPR antagonists restored PIKfyve levels in prion‐infected cells. Overexpression of zDHHC9 and zDHHC21, administration of the antiprion polythiophene LIN5044, or supplementation with the PIKfyve reaction product PI(3,5)P2 suppressed prion‐induced vacuolation and restored lysosomal homeostasis. Thus, PIKfyve emerges as a central mediator of vacuolation and neurotoxicity in prion diseases.https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202114714neurodegenerationpalmitoylationprionspongiosisunfolded protein response
spellingShingle Asvin K K Lakkaraju
Karl Frontzek
Emina Lemes
Uli Herrmann
Marco Losa
Rajlakshmi Marpakwar
Adriano Aguzzi
Loss of PIKfyve drives the spongiform degeneration in prion diseases
EMBO Molecular Medicine
neurodegeneration
palmitoylation
prion
spongiosis
unfolded protein response
title Loss of PIKfyve drives the spongiform degeneration in prion diseases
title_full Loss of PIKfyve drives the spongiform degeneration in prion diseases
title_fullStr Loss of PIKfyve drives the spongiform degeneration in prion diseases
title_full_unstemmed Loss of PIKfyve drives the spongiform degeneration in prion diseases
title_short Loss of PIKfyve drives the spongiform degeneration in prion diseases
title_sort loss of pikfyve drives the spongiform degeneration in prion diseases
topic neurodegeneration
palmitoylation
prion
spongiosis
unfolded protein response
url https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202114714
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AT karlfrontzek lossofpikfyvedrivesthespongiformdegenerationinpriondiseases
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AT uliherrmann lossofpikfyvedrivesthespongiformdegenerationinpriondiseases
AT marcolosa lossofpikfyvedrivesthespongiformdegenerationinpriondiseases
AT rajlakshmimarpakwar lossofpikfyvedrivesthespongiformdegenerationinpriondiseases
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