Enhancing security and usability with context aware multi-biometric fusion for continuous user authentication

Abstract In this paper, we present a novel continuous authentication system that integrates keystroke dynamics and gait biometrics through a multi-modal fusion framework. The proposed system dynamically adjusts the importance of each biometric modality using the Context-Driven Multi-Biometric Scorin...

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Main Authors: Ayeswarya S., John Singh K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14833-z
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author Ayeswarya S.
John Singh K.
author_facet Ayeswarya S.
John Singh K.
author_sort Ayeswarya S.
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In this paper, we present a novel continuous authentication system that integrates keystroke dynamics and gait biometrics through a multi-modal fusion framework. The proposed system dynamically adjusts the importance of each biometric modality using the Context-Driven Multi-Biometric Scoring Algorithm (CMBSA), enabling it to adapt to real-time contextual factors such as user behavior and system configuration. Keystroke dynamics are processed using Wavelet Transform Filtering (WTF) to improve feature extraction, while gait data is refined with an Autocorrelation (AC) Filter to ensure the use of reliable gait segments. Experimental results demonstrate that the multi-modal fusion approach significantly enhances authentication accuracy, achieving a combined accuracy of 98.25% and an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 2.35%. The system provides seamless and non-intrusive authentication, ensuring high security and improved usability across different contexts. This research contributes to the development of adaptive, context-aware biometric systems, advancing both security and user experience in real-world applications.
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spelling doaj-art-bf7e9aeb7d2a4467a5fb4fb4f9efeb2e2025-08-24T11:20:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115112610.1038/s41598-025-14833-zEnhancing security and usability with context aware multi-biometric fusion for continuous user authenticationAyeswarya S.0John Singh K.1School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of TechnologySchool of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of TechnologyAbstract In this paper, we present a novel continuous authentication system that integrates keystroke dynamics and gait biometrics through a multi-modal fusion framework. The proposed system dynamically adjusts the importance of each biometric modality using the Context-Driven Multi-Biometric Scoring Algorithm (CMBSA), enabling it to adapt to real-time contextual factors such as user behavior and system configuration. Keystroke dynamics are processed using Wavelet Transform Filtering (WTF) to improve feature extraction, while gait data is refined with an Autocorrelation (AC) Filter to ensure the use of reliable gait segments. Experimental results demonstrate that the multi-modal fusion approach significantly enhances authentication accuracy, achieving a combined accuracy of 98.25% and an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 2.35%. The system provides seamless and non-intrusive authentication, ensuring high security and improved usability across different contexts. This research contributes to the development of adaptive, context-aware biometric systems, advancing both security and user experience in real-world applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14833-zContinuous authenticationKeystroke dynamicsGait biometricsMulti-modal fusionAdaptive authenticationReal-time security
spellingShingle Ayeswarya S.
John Singh K.
Enhancing security and usability with context aware multi-biometric fusion for continuous user authentication
Scientific Reports
Continuous authentication
Keystroke dynamics
Gait biometrics
Multi-modal fusion
Adaptive authentication
Real-time security
title Enhancing security and usability with context aware multi-biometric fusion for continuous user authentication
title_full Enhancing security and usability with context aware multi-biometric fusion for continuous user authentication
title_fullStr Enhancing security and usability with context aware multi-biometric fusion for continuous user authentication
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing security and usability with context aware multi-biometric fusion for continuous user authentication
title_short Enhancing security and usability with context aware multi-biometric fusion for continuous user authentication
title_sort enhancing security and usability with context aware multi biometric fusion for continuous user authentication
topic Continuous authentication
Keystroke dynamics
Gait biometrics
Multi-modal fusion
Adaptive authentication
Real-time security
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14833-z
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AT johnsinghk enhancingsecurityandusabilitywithcontextawaremultibiometricfusionforcontinuoususerauthentication