Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial in relation to other intellectual abilities and coronary heart disease by low general intelligence.
<h4>Background</h4>Low intellectual ability is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Most studies have used a general intelligence score. We studied whether three different subscores of intellectual ability predict these disorders.<h4>Methods</h...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0046841&type=printable |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850224563112116224 |
|---|---|
| author | Eero Kajantie Katri Räikkönen Markus Henriksson Jukka T Leskinen Tom Forsén Kati Heinonen Anu-Katriina Pesonen Clive Osmond David J P Barker Johan G Eriksson |
| author_facet | Eero Kajantie Katri Räikkönen Markus Henriksson Jukka T Leskinen Tom Forsén Kati Heinonen Anu-Katriina Pesonen Clive Osmond David J P Barker Johan G Eriksson |
| author_sort | Eero Kajantie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Low intellectual ability is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Most studies have used a general intelligence score. We studied whether three different subscores of intellectual ability predict these disorders.<h4>Methods</h4>We studied 2,786 men, born between 1934 and 1944 in Helsinki, Finland, who as conscripts at age 20 underwent an intellectual ability test comprising verbal, visuospatial (analogous to Raven's progressive matrices) and arithmetic reasoning subtests. We ascertained the later occurrence of coronary heart disease and stroke from validated national hospital discharge and death registers.<h4>Results</h4>281 men (10.1%) had experienced a coronary heart disease event and 131 (4.7%) a stroke event. Coronary heart disease was predicted by low scores in all subtests, hazard ratios for each standard deviation (SD) lower score ranging from 1.21 to 1.30 (confidence intervals 1.08 to 1.46). Stroke was predicted by a low visuospatial reasoning score, the corresponding hazard ratio being 1.23 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.46), adjusted for year and age at testing. Adjusted in addition for the two other scores, the hazard ratio was 1.40 (1.10 to 1.79). This hazard ratio was little affected by adjustment for socioeconomic status in childhood and adult life, whereas the same adjustments attenuated the associations between intellectual ability and coronary heart disease. The associations with stroke were also unchanged when adjusted for systolic blood pressure at 20 years and reimbursement for adult antihypertensive medication.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial reasoning scores in relation to scores in the two other subtests. This association may be mediated by common underlying causes such as impaired brain development, rather than by mechanisms associated with risk factors shared by stroke and coronary heart disease, such as socio-economic status, hypertension and atherosclerosis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bf704cf678ee4bcbae88b7690f40449c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-bf704cf678ee4bcbae88b7690f40449c2025-08-20T02:05:35ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-01711e4684110.1371/journal.pone.0046841Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial in relation to other intellectual abilities and coronary heart disease by low general intelligence.Eero KajantieKatri RäikkönenMarkus HenrikssonJukka T LeskinenTom ForsénKati HeinonenAnu-Katriina PesonenClive OsmondDavid J P BarkerJohan G Eriksson<h4>Background</h4>Low intellectual ability is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Most studies have used a general intelligence score. We studied whether three different subscores of intellectual ability predict these disorders.<h4>Methods</h4>We studied 2,786 men, born between 1934 and 1944 in Helsinki, Finland, who as conscripts at age 20 underwent an intellectual ability test comprising verbal, visuospatial (analogous to Raven's progressive matrices) and arithmetic reasoning subtests. We ascertained the later occurrence of coronary heart disease and stroke from validated national hospital discharge and death registers.<h4>Results</h4>281 men (10.1%) had experienced a coronary heart disease event and 131 (4.7%) a stroke event. Coronary heart disease was predicted by low scores in all subtests, hazard ratios for each standard deviation (SD) lower score ranging from 1.21 to 1.30 (confidence intervals 1.08 to 1.46). Stroke was predicted by a low visuospatial reasoning score, the corresponding hazard ratio being 1.23 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.46), adjusted for year and age at testing. Adjusted in addition for the two other scores, the hazard ratio was 1.40 (1.10 to 1.79). This hazard ratio was little affected by adjustment for socioeconomic status in childhood and adult life, whereas the same adjustments attenuated the associations between intellectual ability and coronary heart disease. The associations with stroke were also unchanged when adjusted for systolic blood pressure at 20 years and reimbursement for adult antihypertensive medication.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial reasoning scores in relation to scores in the two other subtests. This association may be mediated by common underlying causes such as impaired brain development, rather than by mechanisms associated with risk factors shared by stroke and coronary heart disease, such as socio-economic status, hypertension and atherosclerosis.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0046841&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Eero Kajantie Katri Räikkönen Markus Henriksson Jukka T Leskinen Tom Forsén Kati Heinonen Anu-Katriina Pesonen Clive Osmond David J P Barker Johan G Eriksson Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial in relation to other intellectual abilities and coronary heart disease by low general intelligence. PLoS ONE |
| title | Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial in relation to other intellectual abilities and coronary heart disease by low general intelligence. |
| title_full | Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial in relation to other intellectual abilities and coronary heart disease by low general intelligence. |
| title_fullStr | Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial in relation to other intellectual abilities and coronary heart disease by low general intelligence. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial in relation to other intellectual abilities and coronary heart disease by low general intelligence. |
| title_short | Stroke is predicted by low visuospatial in relation to other intellectual abilities and coronary heart disease by low general intelligence. |
| title_sort | stroke is predicted by low visuospatial in relation to other intellectual abilities and coronary heart disease by low general intelligence |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0046841&type=printable |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eerokajantie strokeispredictedbylowvisuospatialinrelationtootherintellectualabilitiesandcoronaryheartdiseasebylowgeneralintelligence AT katriraikkonen strokeispredictedbylowvisuospatialinrelationtootherintellectualabilitiesandcoronaryheartdiseasebylowgeneralintelligence AT markushenriksson strokeispredictedbylowvisuospatialinrelationtootherintellectualabilitiesandcoronaryheartdiseasebylowgeneralintelligence AT jukkatleskinen strokeispredictedbylowvisuospatialinrelationtootherintellectualabilitiesandcoronaryheartdiseasebylowgeneralintelligence AT tomforsen strokeispredictedbylowvisuospatialinrelationtootherintellectualabilitiesandcoronaryheartdiseasebylowgeneralintelligence AT katiheinonen strokeispredictedbylowvisuospatialinrelationtootherintellectualabilitiesandcoronaryheartdiseasebylowgeneralintelligence AT anukatriinapesonen strokeispredictedbylowvisuospatialinrelationtootherintellectualabilitiesandcoronaryheartdiseasebylowgeneralintelligence AT cliveosmond strokeispredictedbylowvisuospatialinrelationtootherintellectualabilitiesandcoronaryheartdiseasebylowgeneralintelligence AT davidjpbarker strokeispredictedbylowvisuospatialinrelationtootherintellectualabilitiesandcoronaryheartdiseasebylowgeneralintelligence AT johangeriksson strokeispredictedbylowvisuospatialinrelationtootherintellectualabilitiesandcoronaryheartdiseasebylowgeneralintelligence |