Effect of 5-fluorouracil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa: impact on virulence, biofilm formation, and bacterial growth

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that poses a significant threat to public health due to its inherent and acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. This mini-review explores the antimicrobial potential of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent normally use...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Amani A. Niazy, May M. Alrashed, Abdurahman A. Niazy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1584479/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850102427754168320
author Amani A. Niazy
May M. Alrashed
Abdurahman A. Niazy
author_facet Amani A. Niazy
May M. Alrashed
Abdurahman A. Niazy
author_sort Amani A. Niazy
collection DOAJ
description Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that poses a significant threat to public health due to its inherent and acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. This mini-review explores the antimicrobial potential of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent normally used in oncology, and currently under investigation for its bacteriostatic and antibiofilm effects against P. aeruginosa. 5-FU functions by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, disrupting nucleotide metabolism, and interfering with essential bacterial processes, such as quorum sensing. Studies in vitro have demonstrated its ability to inhibit biofilm creation and decrease virulence, but findings about its impact on preformed biofilms have been contradictory. Synergistic interactions between 5-FU and antibiotics, especially gentamicin, have shown promise in enhancing antibacterial effectiveness. The aim of this mini-review was to consolidate current findings, pinpoint research gaps, and suggest future directions for potentially repurposing 5-FU as an adjunctive treatment for P. aeruginosa. By placing the current evidence in context, we hope to guide further studies toward determining the clinical viability of 5-FU as a treatment option against this formidable pathogen.
format Article
id doaj-art-bf6469e0e37d4c34af173544abb08a36
institution DOAJ
issn 1664-302X
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-bf6469e0e37d4c34af173544abb08a362025-08-20T02:39:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-07-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15844791584479Effect of 5-fluorouracil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa: impact on virulence, biofilm formation, and bacterial growthAmani A. Niazy0May M. Alrashed1Abdurahman A. Niazy2Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that poses a significant threat to public health due to its inherent and acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. This mini-review explores the antimicrobial potential of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent normally used in oncology, and currently under investigation for its bacteriostatic and antibiofilm effects against P. aeruginosa. 5-FU functions by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, disrupting nucleotide metabolism, and interfering with essential bacterial processes, such as quorum sensing. Studies in vitro have demonstrated its ability to inhibit biofilm creation and decrease virulence, but findings about its impact on preformed biofilms have been contradictory. Synergistic interactions between 5-FU and antibiotics, especially gentamicin, have shown promise in enhancing antibacterial effectiveness. The aim of this mini-review was to consolidate current findings, pinpoint research gaps, and suggest future directions for potentially repurposing 5-FU as an adjunctive treatment for P. aeruginosa. By placing the current evidence in context, we hope to guide further studies toward determining the clinical viability of 5-FU as a treatment option against this formidable pathogen.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1584479/fullPseudomonas aeruginosa5-fluorouracilantimicrobial resistancechemotherapeutic agentopportunistic pathogenbiofilm
spellingShingle Amani A. Niazy
May M. Alrashed
Abdurahman A. Niazy
Effect of 5-fluorouracil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa: impact on virulence, biofilm formation, and bacterial growth
Frontiers in Microbiology
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5-fluorouracil
antimicrobial resistance
chemotherapeutic agent
opportunistic pathogen
biofilm
title Effect of 5-fluorouracil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa: impact on virulence, biofilm formation, and bacterial growth
title_full Effect of 5-fluorouracil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa: impact on virulence, biofilm formation, and bacterial growth
title_fullStr Effect of 5-fluorouracil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa: impact on virulence, biofilm formation, and bacterial growth
title_full_unstemmed Effect of 5-fluorouracil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa: impact on virulence, biofilm formation, and bacterial growth
title_short Effect of 5-fluorouracil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa: impact on virulence, biofilm formation, and bacterial growth
title_sort effect of 5 fluorouracil on pseudomonas aeruginosa impact on virulence biofilm formation and bacterial growth
topic Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5-fluorouracil
antimicrobial resistance
chemotherapeutic agent
opportunistic pathogen
biofilm
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1584479/full
work_keys_str_mv AT amanianiazy effectof5fluorouracilonpseudomonasaeruginosaimpactonvirulencebiofilmformationandbacterialgrowth
AT maymalrashed effectof5fluorouracilonpseudomonasaeruginosaimpactonvirulencebiofilmformationandbacterialgrowth
AT abdurahmananiazy effectof5fluorouracilonpseudomonasaeruginosaimpactonvirulencebiofilmformationandbacterialgrowth