Incidence and Risk Factors for Early Postoperative Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease – Systematic Review

Postoperative arrhythmias are commonly seen in pediatric cardiac intensive care units and are linked to higher rates of both morbidity and mortality in children with congenital heart disease. However, the incidence of early postoperative arrhythmias in the pediatric population is unclear, varying fr...

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Main Authors: Mayaya Petra-Caroline, Tinică Grigore, Chistol Raluca Ozana, Moraru Liviu, Damian Simona Irina, Frăsinariu Otilia Elena, Furnica Cristina
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sciendo 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Cardiovascular Emergencies
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.2478/jce-2025-0005
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author Mayaya Petra-Caroline
Tinică Grigore
Chistol Raluca Ozana
Moraru Liviu
Damian Simona Irina
Frăsinariu Otilia Elena
Furnica Cristina
author_facet Mayaya Petra-Caroline
Tinică Grigore
Chistol Raluca Ozana
Moraru Liviu
Damian Simona Irina
Frăsinariu Otilia Elena
Furnica Cristina
author_sort Mayaya Petra-Caroline
collection DOAJ
description Postoperative arrhythmias are commonly seen in pediatric cardiac intensive care units and are linked to higher rates of both morbidity and mortality in children with congenital heart disease. However, the incidence of early postoperative arrhythmias in the pediatric population is unclear, varying from 7.3% to 48% in the literature. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from 2000 to 2025 with the aim to perform a systematic review of the existing literature on the incidence and risk factors of early arrhythmias following heart surgery. A total of 16 cross-sectional observational studies, including 5,563 patients who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease and 901 patients who developed early postoperative arrhythmias, met the inclusion criteria. Patients developing early postoperative dysrhythmias were younger, with a lower body weight, and the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was significantly longer. Other incriminated risk factors for the occurrence of early postoperative arrhythmias were hemodynamic instability, complexity of the surgical procedure, and higher vasoactive-inotropic scores. Pediatric patients with congenital heart disease who undergo cardiac surgery face increased morbidity and mortality due to the risk associated with the multifactorial complication of early postoperative arrhythmias. The reported incidence of these arrhythmias varies greatly among different studies and a better understanding of risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms would improve postoperative outcomes for this notably exposed population.
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spelling doaj-art-bf47f205c09e4354b01c1f83111ffa4a2025-08-20T02:42:48ZengSciendoJournal of Cardiovascular Emergencies2457-55182025-07-01112435310.2478/jce-2025-0005Incidence and Risk Factors for Early Postoperative Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease – Systematic ReviewMayaya Petra-Caroline0Tinică Grigore1Chistol Raluca Ozana2Moraru Liviu3Damian Simona Irina4Frăsinariu Otilia Elena5Furnica Cristina6PhD Student, Doctoral School, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Anatomy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureș, RomaniaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Mother and Child Medicine–Pediatric, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, RomaniaDepartment of Anatomy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, RomaniaPostoperative arrhythmias are commonly seen in pediatric cardiac intensive care units and are linked to higher rates of both morbidity and mortality in children with congenital heart disease. However, the incidence of early postoperative arrhythmias in the pediatric population is unclear, varying from 7.3% to 48% in the literature. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from 2000 to 2025 with the aim to perform a systematic review of the existing literature on the incidence and risk factors of early arrhythmias following heart surgery. A total of 16 cross-sectional observational studies, including 5,563 patients who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease and 901 patients who developed early postoperative arrhythmias, met the inclusion criteria. Patients developing early postoperative dysrhythmias were younger, with a lower body weight, and the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was significantly longer. Other incriminated risk factors for the occurrence of early postoperative arrhythmias were hemodynamic instability, complexity of the surgical procedure, and higher vasoactive-inotropic scores. Pediatric patients with congenital heart disease who undergo cardiac surgery face increased morbidity and mortality due to the risk associated with the multifactorial complication of early postoperative arrhythmias. The reported incidence of these arrhythmias varies greatly among different studies and a better understanding of risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms would improve postoperative outcomes for this notably exposed population.https://doi.org/10.2478/jce-2025-0005early postoperative arrhythmiascongenital heart diseasepediatriccardiac surgery
spellingShingle Mayaya Petra-Caroline
Tinică Grigore
Chistol Raluca Ozana
Moraru Liviu
Damian Simona Irina
Frăsinariu Otilia Elena
Furnica Cristina
Incidence and Risk Factors for Early Postoperative Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease – Systematic Review
Journal of Cardiovascular Emergencies
early postoperative arrhythmias
congenital heart disease
pediatric
cardiac surgery
title Incidence and Risk Factors for Early Postoperative Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease – Systematic Review
title_full Incidence and Risk Factors for Early Postoperative Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease – Systematic Review
title_fullStr Incidence and Risk Factors for Early Postoperative Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease – Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Incidence and Risk Factors for Early Postoperative Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease – Systematic Review
title_short Incidence and Risk Factors for Early Postoperative Arrhythmias in Congenital Heart Disease – Systematic Review
title_sort incidence and risk factors for early postoperative arrhythmias in congenital heart disease systematic review
topic early postoperative arrhythmias
congenital heart disease
pediatric
cardiac surgery
url https://doi.org/10.2478/jce-2025-0005
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