Dye sensitized photocatalytic degradation of congo red and rhodamine B by 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks Ni3(BTC)2.12H2O, (Ni0.8Co0.2)3(BTC)2.12H2O and Cu3(BTC)2 under visible light
Photocatalytic degradation is a promising approach for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. This study explores the efficiency of three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)—Ni₃(BTC)₂•12H₂O, (Ni₀.₈Co₀.₂)₃(BTC)₂•12H₂O, and Cu₃(BTC)₂—in degrading Congo Red and Rhodamine B dyes under visible li...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Results in Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625000827 |
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| author | Kavitha Karuppiah Anushree Raju Anuradha Natarajan Swedha Mohan Dhinakaran Subramani Kumaran Rajendran Vanjinathan Mahalingam Gopalakrishnan Arumugam Samikannu Prabu Kung-Yuh Chiang Vasanthi Rajaraman |
| author_facet | Kavitha Karuppiah Anushree Raju Anuradha Natarajan Swedha Mohan Dhinakaran Subramani Kumaran Rajendran Vanjinathan Mahalingam Gopalakrishnan Arumugam Samikannu Prabu Kung-Yuh Chiang Vasanthi Rajaraman |
| author_sort | Kavitha Karuppiah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photocatalytic degradation is a promising approach for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. This study explores the efficiency of three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)—Ni₃(BTC)₂•12H₂O, (Ni₀.₈Co₀.₂)₃(BTC)₂•12H₂O, and Cu₃(BTC)₂—in degrading Congo Red and Rhodamine B dyes under visible light. The MOFs were synthesized via a solvothermal method using 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) as the organic ligand. Their structures were thoroughly characterized through various techniques, including PXRD, FE-SEM, EDX, HRTEM, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, and BET analysis. Despite their band gap energies exceeding 3 eV, which limits direct visible light absorption, the photocatalytic degradation was successful, suggesting a dye-sensitized mechanism. Among the MOFs, Cu₃(BTC)₂ exhibited the highest degradation efficiency, achieving 99.99 % Congo Red degradation in 20 min and 5 % Rhodamine B degradation in 25 min. Optimal degradation for both dyes occurred at pH 5. The catalyst's stability was confirmed through a recyclability test across four successive cycles. The exceptional performance of Cu₃(BTC)₂ is attributed to its large surface area (1064 m2g−1). The incorporation of cobalt into the (Ni₀.₈Co₀.₂)₃(BTC)₂ framework enhanced the degradation rates compared to pure Ni₃(BTC)₂. These findings underscore the potential of MOFs as effective photocatalysts for environmental remediation under visible light, offering a promising avenue for wastewater treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bf3b11ee8fe940abb4590815d79ba09b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2211-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Results in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-bf3b11ee8fe940abb4590815d79ba09b2025-02-09T05:00:07ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562025-03-0114102099Dye sensitized photocatalytic degradation of congo red and rhodamine B by 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks Ni3(BTC)2.12H2O, (Ni0.8Co0.2)3(BTC)2.12H2O and Cu3(BTC)2 under visible lightKavitha Karuppiah0Anushree Raju1Anuradha Natarajan2Swedha Mohan3Dhinakaran Subramani4Kumaran Rajendran5Vanjinathan Mahalingam6Gopalakrishnan Arumugam7Samikannu Prabu8Kung-Yuh Chiang9Vasanthi Rajaraman10PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai 600106, IndiaPG & Research Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai 600106, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Chevalier T. Thomas Elizabeth College for Women, Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai 600011, IndiaPG & Research Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai 600106, IndiaGovernment Higher Secondary School, Perumbedu, Tiruvall, ur-601204, IndiaPG & Research Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai 600106, IndiaPG & Research Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai 600106, IndiaPG & Research Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai 600106, IndiaTaiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan City 32001, TaiwanTaiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan City 32001, TaiwanPG & Research Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai 600106, India; Corresponding author.Photocatalytic degradation is a promising approach for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. This study explores the efficiency of three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)—Ni₃(BTC)₂•12H₂O, (Ni₀.₈Co₀.₂)₃(BTC)₂•12H₂O, and Cu₃(BTC)₂—in degrading Congo Red and Rhodamine B dyes under visible light. The MOFs were synthesized via a solvothermal method using 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) as the organic ligand. Their structures were thoroughly characterized through various techniques, including PXRD, FE-SEM, EDX, HRTEM, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, and BET analysis. Despite their band gap energies exceeding 3 eV, which limits direct visible light absorption, the photocatalytic degradation was successful, suggesting a dye-sensitized mechanism. Among the MOFs, Cu₃(BTC)₂ exhibited the highest degradation efficiency, achieving 99.99 % Congo Red degradation in 20 min and 5 % Rhodamine B degradation in 25 min. Optimal degradation for both dyes occurred at pH 5. The catalyst's stability was confirmed through a recyclability test across four successive cycles. The exceptional performance of Cu₃(BTC)₂ is attributed to its large surface area (1064 m2g−1). The incorporation of cobalt into the (Ni₀.₈Co₀.₂)₃(BTC)₂ framework enhanced the degradation rates compared to pure Ni₃(BTC)₂. These findings underscore the potential of MOFs as effective photocatalysts for environmental remediation under visible light, offering a promising avenue for wastewater treatment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625000827MOFBTCRhodamine BCongo red(cu)3(BTC)2Dye sensitized mechanism |
| spellingShingle | Kavitha Karuppiah Anushree Raju Anuradha Natarajan Swedha Mohan Dhinakaran Subramani Kumaran Rajendran Vanjinathan Mahalingam Gopalakrishnan Arumugam Samikannu Prabu Kung-Yuh Chiang Vasanthi Rajaraman Dye sensitized photocatalytic degradation of congo red and rhodamine B by 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks Ni3(BTC)2.12H2O, (Ni0.8Co0.2)3(BTC)2.12H2O and Cu3(BTC)2 under visible light Results in Chemistry MOF BTC Rhodamine B Congo red (cu)3(BTC)2 Dye sensitized mechanism |
| title | Dye sensitized photocatalytic degradation of congo red and rhodamine B by 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks Ni3(BTC)2.12H2O, (Ni0.8Co0.2)3(BTC)2.12H2O and Cu3(BTC)2 under visible light |
| title_full | Dye sensitized photocatalytic degradation of congo red and rhodamine B by 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks Ni3(BTC)2.12H2O, (Ni0.8Co0.2)3(BTC)2.12H2O and Cu3(BTC)2 under visible light |
| title_fullStr | Dye sensitized photocatalytic degradation of congo red and rhodamine B by 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks Ni3(BTC)2.12H2O, (Ni0.8Co0.2)3(BTC)2.12H2O and Cu3(BTC)2 under visible light |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dye sensitized photocatalytic degradation of congo red and rhodamine B by 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks Ni3(BTC)2.12H2O, (Ni0.8Co0.2)3(BTC)2.12H2O and Cu3(BTC)2 under visible light |
| title_short | Dye sensitized photocatalytic degradation of congo red and rhodamine B by 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks Ni3(BTC)2.12H2O, (Ni0.8Co0.2)3(BTC)2.12H2O and Cu3(BTC)2 under visible light |
| title_sort | dye sensitized photocatalytic degradation of congo red and rhodamine b by 1 3 5 benzenetricarboxylic acid based metal organic frameworks ni3 btc 2 12h2o ni0 8co0 2 3 btc 2 12h2o and cu3 btc 2 under visible light |
| topic | MOF BTC Rhodamine B Congo red (cu)3(BTC)2 Dye sensitized mechanism |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625000827 |
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