How Non-CS preservice teachers conceptualize and engage with computational thinking through 3D game design: Insights from an XR-enhanced maker experience

This study explored how low-threshold, XR-enhanced maker environments can support preservice teachers’ (PSTs) engagement with computational thinking (CT) practices and perceptions. Using a scaffolded, three-week module built around Roblox Studio, non–computer science PSTs engaged in iterative game d...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tugce Aldemir, Jewoong Moon, Ali Bicer, Gyuri Byun, Carlos Manrique Perez, Vivek Sabanwar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Computers & Education: X Reality
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949678025000078
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850127648104120320
author Tugce Aldemir
Jewoong Moon
Ali Bicer
Gyuri Byun
Carlos Manrique Perez
Vivek Sabanwar
author_facet Tugce Aldemir
Jewoong Moon
Ali Bicer
Gyuri Byun
Carlos Manrique Perez
Vivek Sabanwar
author_sort Tugce Aldemir
collection DOAJ
description This study explored how low-threshold, XR-enhanced maker environments can support preservice teachers’ (PSTs) engagement with computational thinking (CT) practices and perceptions. Using a scaffolded, three-week module built around Roblox Studio, non–computer science PSTs engaged in iterative game design activities progressing from paper prototypes to storyboard rule maps and interactive 3D builds. Findings suggest that design tasks encouraged shifts from surface-level CT definitions to more applied reasoning, particularly in decomposition and algorithmic thinking during storyboard development. However, participants encountered new challenges during 3D implementation, including spatial logic demands and limited debugging fluency. Reflections highlighted frequent micro-debug cycles and collaboration as key supports, even when such processes were not fully visible in final artifacts. While many PSTs remained hesitant about coding, most recognized transferable skills—such as perseverance, creativity, and empathy—as relevant to their future teaching. These results highlight the promise and complexity of XR maker spaces as a bridge between conceptual CT understanding and authentic classroom application. Implications include the need for scaffolded supports targeting spatial reasoning, rule-system translation, and reflective design dispositions in CT-focused teacher education.
format Article
id doaj-art-bf2ae2fddaf44cbca1264482fa9bf6e0
institution OA Journals
issn 2949-6780
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Computers & Education: X Reality
spelling doaj-art-bf2ae2fddaf44cbca1264482fa9bf6e02025-08-20T02:33:38ZengElsevierComputers & Education: X Reality2949-67802025-06-01610009910.1016/j.cexr.2025.100099How Non-CS preservice teachers conceptualize and engage with computational thinking through 3D game design: Insights from an XR-enhanced maker experienceTugce Aldemir0Jewoong Moon1Ali Bicer2Gyuri Byun3Carlos Manrique Perez4Vivek Sabanwar5Department of Teaching, Learning and Culture, College of Education, Texas A&M University, USA; Corresponding author.Department of Educational Leadership, Policy, & Technology Studies, College of Education, The University of Alabama, USADepartment of Teaching, Learning and Culture, College of Education, Texas A&M University, USASeoul National University, South KoreaDepartment of Teaching, Learning and Culture, College of Education, Texas A&M University, USADepartment of Teaching, Learning and Culture, College of Education, Texas A&M University, USAThis study explored how low-threshold, XR-enhanced maker environments can support preservice teachers’ (PSTs) engagement with computational thinking (CT) practices and perceptions. Using a scaffolded, three-week module built around Roblox Studio, non–computer science PSTs engaged in iterative game design activities progressing from paper prototypes to storyboard rule maps and interactive 3D builds. Findings suggest that design tasks encouraged shifts from surface-level CT definitions to more applied reasoning, particularly in decomposition and algorithmic thinking during storyboard development. However, participants encountered new challenges during 3D implementation, including spatial logic demands and limited debugging fluency. Reflections highlighted frequent micro-debug cycles and collaboration as key supports, even when such processes were not fully visible in final artifacts. While many PSTs remained hesitant about coding, most recognized transferable skills—such as perseverance, creativity, and empathy—as relevant to their future teaching. These results highlight the promise and complexity of XR maker spaces as a bridge between conceptual CT understanding and authentic classroom application. Implications include the need for scaffolded supports targeting spatial reasoning, rule-system translation, and reflective design dispositions in CT-focused teacher education.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949678025000078Constructionist gamingMaker educationExtended reality (XR)Preservice teachersComputational thinking
spellingShingle Tugce Aldemir
Jewoong Moon
Ali Bicer
Gyuri Byun
Carlos Manrique Perez
Vivek Sabanwar
How Non-CS preservice teachers conceptualize and engage with computational thinking through 3D game design: Insights from an XR-enhanced maker experience
Computers & Education: X Reality
Constructionist gaming
Maker education
Extended reality (XR)
Preservice teachers
Computational thinking
title How Non-CS preservice teachers conceptualize and engage with computational thinking through 3D game design: Insights from an XR-enhanced maker experience
title_full How Non-CS preservice teachers conceptualize and engage with computational thinking through 3D game design: Insights from an XR-enhanced maker experience
title_fullStr How Non-CS preservice teachers conceptualize and engage with computational thinking through 3D game design: Insights from an XR-enhanced maker experience
title_full_unstemmed How Non-CS preservice teachers conceptualize and engage with computational thinking through 3D game design: Insights from an XR-enhanced maker experience
title_short How Non-CS preservice teachers conceptualize and engage with computational thinking through 3D game design: Insights from an XR-enhanced maker experience
title_sort how non cs preservice teachers conceptualize and engage with computational thinking through 3d game design insights from an xr enhanced maker experience
topic Constructionist gaming
Maker education
Extended reality (XR)
Preservice teachers
Computational thinking
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949678025000078
work_keys_str_mv AT tugcealdemir hownoncspreserviceteachersconceptualizeandengagewithcomputationalthinkingthrough3dgamedesigninsightsfromanxrenhancedmakerexperience
AT jewoongmoon hownoncspreserviceteachersconceptualizeandengagewithcomputationalthinkingthrough3dgamedesigninsightsfromanxrenhancedmakerexperience
AT alibicer hownoncspreserviceteachersconceptualizeandengagewithcomputationalthinkingthrough3dgamedesigninsightsfromanxrenhancedmakerexperience
AT gyuribyun hownoncspreserviceteachersconceptualizeandengagewithcomputationalthinkingthrough3dgamedesigninsightsfromanxrenhancedmakerexperience
AT carlosmanriqueperez hownoncspreserviceteachersconceptualizeandengagewithcomputationalthinkingthrough3dgamedesigninsightsfromanxrenhancedmakerexperience
AT viveksabanwar hownoncspreserviceteachersconceptualizeandengagewithcomputationalthinkingthrough3dgamedesigninsightsfromanxrenhancedmakerexperience