Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy: Prevalence and obstetric outcomes in a Swedish population‐based cohort study between 2000 and 2019

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy (cardiovascular disease diagnosed before, during or up to 6 months after childbirth) and the risk of adverse outcomes associated with it have not been previously described in Sweden. This study examined trends in prevale...

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Main Authors: Teresia Svanvik, Rema Ramakrishnan, Martin Svensson, Henrik Albrektsson, Carmen Basic, Zacharias Mandalenakis, Annika Rosengren, Maria Schaufelberger, Erik Thunström, Marian Knight
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14972
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author Teresia Svanvik
Rema Ramakrishnan
Martin Svensson
Henrik Albrektsson
Carmen Basic
Zacharias Mandalenakis
Annika Rosengren
Maria Schaufelberger
Erik Thunström
Marian Knight
author_facet Teresia Svanvik
Rema Ramakrishnan
Martin Svensson
Henrik Albrektsson
Carmen Basic
Zacharias Mandalenakis
Annika Rosengren
Maria Schaufelberger
Erik Thunström
Marian Knight
author_sort Teresia Svanvik
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction The prevalence of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy (cardiovascular disease diagnosed before, during or up to 6 months after childbirth) and the risk of adverse outcomes associated with it have not been previously described in Sweden. This study examined trends in prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its association with maternal and perinatal outcomes, overall and by timing of diagnosis in relation to pregnancy. Material and Methods This population‐based observational retrospective cohort study consisted of women aged 15–49 years who were registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 2000–2019. Prevalence was defined as annual diagnosis of cardiovascular disease per pregnant woman as numerator and all pregnant women per year as denominator. Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes were analyzed using time‐dependent Cox regression and Poisson regression models. Outcomes were obtained during and after childbirth up to 1 year postpartum, depending on the outcome. Results There were 2 069 107 births to 1 186 137 women (911 101 primiparous). The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among pregnant women in Sweden during 2000–2019 increased from 0.31% to 1.34%, for non‐congenital cardiovascular disease, this was primarily driven by arrythmia (0.11%–0.58%). Primiparous women with cardiovascular disease had a higher risk of eclampsia over‐all (aHR 4.50, 95% CI 2.01–10.05) and when diagnosed during pregnancy (aHR 3.22, 95% CI 1.21–8.61); admission to psychiatric ward overall (aHR 2.51, 95% CI 1.30–4.83), and when diagnosed during pregnancy (aHR 2.54, 95% CI 1.21–5.34); and one‐year mortality when diagnosed before pregnancy (aHR 1.67, 95% CI 1.16–2.42) and when diagnosed postpartum (aHR 6.59, 95% CI 3.38–12.84), compared to those without cardiovascular disease. Children born to women with cardiovascular disease diagnosed both overall and in relation to timing of diagnosis had an increased risk of being born preterm and small for gestational age. Conclusions Cardiovascular disease prevalence among pregnant women in Sweden increased during 2000–2019, primarily driven by arrhythmias. In primiparous women, the timing of diagnosis of cardiovascular disease is important for maternal and perinatal outcomes, including when diagnosed postpartum. This calls for awareness among all staff when planning pregnancy and monitoring women with cardiovascular disease throughout pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
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spelling doaj-art-bf14e03b5eb44b0f83ee532bb57ef7212025-08-20T03:22:22ZengWileyActa Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica0001-63491600-04122024-12-01103122401241110.1111/aogs.14972Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy: Prevalence and obstetric outcomes in a Swedish population‐based cohort study between 2000 and 2019Teresia Svanvik0Rema Ramakrishnan1Martin Svensson2Henrik Albrektsson3Carmen Basic4Zacharias Mandalenakis5Annika Rosengren6Maria Schaufelberger7Erik Thunström8Marian Knight9Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SwedenNational Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health University of Oxford Oxford UKDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science University of Southern Denmark Odense DenmarkStatistiska Konsultgruppen Gothenburg SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SwedenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg SwedenAbstract Introduction The prevalence of cardiovascular disease during pregnancy (cardiovascular disease diagnosed before, during or up to 6 months after childbirth) and the risk of adverse outcomes associated with it have not been previously described in Sweden. This study examined trends in prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its association with maternal and perinatal outcomes, overall and by timing of diagnosis in relation to pregnancy. Material and Methods This population‐based observational retrospective cohort study consisted of women aged 15–49 years who were registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 2000–2019. Prevalence was defined as annual diagnosis of cardiovascular disease per pregnant woman as numerator and all pregnant women per year as denominator. Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes were analyzed using time‐dependent Cox regression and Poisson regression models. Outcomes were obtained during and after childbirth up to 1 year postpartum, depending on the outcome. Results There were 2 069 107 births to 1 186 137 women (911 101 primiparous). The prevalence of cardiovascular disease among pregnant women in Sweden during 2000–2019 increased from 0.31% to 1.34%, for non‐congenital cardiovascular disease, this was primarily driven by arrythmia (0.11%–0.58%). Primiparous women with cardiovascular disease had a higher risk of eclampsia over‐all (aHR 4.50, 95% CI 2.01–10.05) and when diagnosed during pregnancy (aHR 3.22, 95% CI 1.21–8.61); admission to psychiatric ward overall (aHR 2.51, 95% CI 1.30–4.83), and when diagnosed during pregnancy (aHR 2.54, 95% CI 1.21–5.34); and one‐year mortality when diagnosed before pregnancy (aHR 1.67, 95% CI 1.16–2.42) and when diagnosed postpartum (aHR 6.59, 95% CI 3.38–12.84), compared to those without cardiovascular disease. Children born to women with cardiovascular disease diagnosed both overall and in relation to timing of diagnosis had an increased risk of being born preterm and small for gestational age. Conclusions Cardiovascular disease prevalence among pregnant women in Sweden increased during 2000–2019, primarily driven by arrhythmias. In primiparous women, the timing of diagnosis of cardiovascular disease is important for maternal and perinatal outcomes, including when diagnosed postpartum. This calls for awareness among all staff when planning pregnancy and monitoring women with cardiovascular disease throughout pregnancy and in the postpartum period.https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14972epidemiologyhigh‐risk pregnancymorbiditymortalityobstetricsWomen's health issues
spellingShingle Teresia Svanvik
Rema Ramakrishnan
Martin Svensson
Henrik Albrektsson
Carmen Basic
Zacharias Mandalenakis
Annika Rosengren
Maria Schaufelberger
Erik Thunström
Marian Knight
Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy: Prevalence and obstetric outcomes in a Swedish population‐based cohort study between 2000 and 2019
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
epidemiology
high‐risk pregnancy
morbidity
mortality
obstetrics
Women's health issues
title Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy: Prevalence and obstetric outcomes in a Swedish population‐based cohort study between 2000 and 2019
title_full Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy: Prevalence and obstetric outcomes in a Swedish population‐based cohort study between 2000 and 2019
title_fullStr Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy: Prevalence and obstetric outcomes in a Swedish population‐based cohort study between 2000 and 2019
title_full_unstemmed Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy: Prevalence and obstetric outcomes in a Swedish population‐based cohort study between 2000 and 2019
title_short Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy: Prevalence and obstetric outcomes in a Swedish population‐based cohort study between 2000 and 2019
title_sort cardiovascular disease in pregnancy prevalence and obstetric outcomes in a swedish population based cohort study between 2000 and 2019
topic epidemiology
high‐risk pregnancy
morbidity
mortality
obstetrics
Women's health issues
url https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14972
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