Persistent Activation of Innate Immunity in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies

Primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders, with common variable immunodeficiency being the most common with clinical significance. The main phenotypic defect resides in the inability of B cells to produce antibodies, and the cornerstone of therapy is immunoglob...

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Main Authors: Gerasimina Tsinti, Demosthenes Makris, Anastasios E. Germenis, Matthaios Speletas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-01-01
Series:Journal of Immunology Research
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8317671
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author Gerasimina Tsinti
Demosthenes Makris
Anastasios E. Germenis
Matthaios Speletas
author_facet Gerasimina Tsinti
Demosthenes Makris
Anastasios E. Germenis
Matthaios Speletas
author_sort Gerasimina Tsinti
collection DOAJ
description Primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders, with common variable immunodeficiency being the most common with clinical significance. The main phenotypic defect resides in the inability of B cells to produce antibodies, and the cornerstone of therapy is immunoglobulin replacement treatment in order to fight infections. However, the management of the other inflammatory manifestations is inadequate, reinforcing the hypothesis that a complex genetic background affecting additional cell populations, such as polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes, influences the expression of the clinical phenotype of the disease. In this study, we investigated by flow cytometry in different conditions (resting state, and after isolation and incubation, with and without stimuli) the expression pattern of several markers on PMN and monocytes, indicative of their maturation, capacity for chemotaxis, adhesion, opsonization, migration, and phagocytosis in 25 PAD patients, 12 healthy blood donors, and 4 septic patients. In this context, we also analyzed patients before and after the initiation of replacement treatment, as well as an untreated patient in different clinical conditions. Interestingly, we observed that PAD patients exhibit a chronic activation status of the innate immunity compartment, along with several differences in the expression of activation, maturation, and adhesion markers, with respect to different clinical conditions. Moreover, immunoglobulin replacement treatment had a favorable effect on PMN, as it was expressed by a more mature and less activated phenotype on basal state cells, and an enhanced activation capacity after LPS exposure. Thus, we conclude that PAD patients display a persistent innate immune cell activation, which is probably associated with the chronic inflammatory stress, usually observed in these disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-beff3a539cea480ba3ac64b6536dc5322025-08-20T02:18:58ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562020-01-01202010.1155/2020/83176718317671Persistent Activation of Innate Immunity in Patients with Primary Antibody DeficienciesGerasimina Tsinti0Demosthenes Makris1Anastasios E. Germenis2Matthaios Speletas3Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GreecePrimary antibody deficiencies (PAD) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders, with common variable immunodeficiency being the most common with clinical significance. The main phenotypic defect resides in the inability of B cells to produce antibodies, and the cornerstone of therapy is immunoglobulin replacement treatment in order to fight infections. However, the management of the other inflammatory manifestations is inadequate, reinforcing the hypothesis that a complex genetic background affecting additional cell populations, such as polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes, influences the expression of the clinical phenotype of the disease. In this study, we investigated by flow cytometry in different conditions (resting state, and after isolation and incubation, with and without stimuli) the expression pattern of several markers on PMN and monocytes, indicative of their maturation, capacity for chemotaxis, adhesion, opsonization, migration, and phagocytosis in 25 PAD patients, 12 healthy blood donors, and 4 septic patients. In this context, we also analyzed patients before and after the initiation of replacement treatment, as well as an untreated patient in different clinical conditions. Interestingly, we observed that PAD patients exhibit a chronic activation status of the innate immunity compartment, along with several differences in the expression of activation, maturation, and adhesion markers, with respect to different clinical conditions. Moreover, immunoglobulin replacement treatment had a favorable effect on PMN, as it was expressed by a more mature and less activated phenotype on basal state cells, and an enhanced activation capacity after LPS exposure. Thus, we conclude that PAD patients display a persistent innate immune cell activation, which is probably associated with the chronic inflammatory stress, usually observed in these disorders.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8317671
spellingShingle Gerasimina Tsinti
Demosthenes Makris
Anastasios E. Germenis
Matthaios Speletas
Persistent Activation of Innate Immunity in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies
Journal of Immunology Research
title Persistent Activation of Innate Immunity in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies
title_full Persistent Activation of Innate Immunity in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies
title_fullStr Persistent Activation of Innate Immunity in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies
title_full_unstemmed Persistent Activation of Innate Immunity in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies
title_short Persistent Activation of Innate Immunity in Patients with Primary Antibody Deficiencies
title_sort persistent activation of innate immunity in patients with primary antibody deficiencies
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8317671
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AT demosthenesmakris persistentactivationofinnateimmunityinpatientswithprimaryantibodydeficiencies
AT anastasiosegermenis persistentactivationofinnateimmunityinpatientswithprimaryantibodydeficiencies
AT matthaiosspeletas persistentactivationofinnateimmunityinpatientswithprimaryantibodydeficiencies