Artificial intelligence for predicting 30-day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fractures: A retrospective study

Background and Aims: Surgical repair of femoral shaft fractures continues to have notable perioperative morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to assess whether artificial intelligence (AI)-driven models can be utilised to predict 30-day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fract...

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Main Authors: Puneet Gupta, Hong-Jui Shen, Kunj Patel, Rui Guo, Eric R. Heinz, Rameshbabu Manyam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-06-01
Series:Indian Journal of Anaesthesia
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ija.ija_1060_24
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author Puneet Gupta
Hong-Jui Shen
Kunj Patel
Rui Guo
Eric R. Heinz
Rameshbabu Manyam
author_facet Puneet Gupta
Hong-Jui Shen
Kunj Patel
Rui Guo
Eric R. Heinz
Rameshbabu Manyam
author_sort Puneet Gupta
collection DOAJ
description Background and Aims: Surgical repair of femoral shaft fractures continues to have notable perioperative morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to assess whether artificial intelligence (AI)-driven models can be utilised to predict 30-day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fractures and to identify patient risk factors for mortality using AI. Methods: This retrospective study utilised data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program between 2015 and 2020. Five AI-driven models were developed and tested using patient clinical information to predict mortality within 30 days of surgery. Additionally, the most important variables for the best-performing model were identified. Results: A total of 1720 patients were identified, and the 30-day mortality rate after femoral shaft fracture surgery was 3.4% (n = 58). XGBoost demonstrated the best predictive performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83, a calibration intercept of −0.03, a calibration slope of 1.17, and a Brier score of 0.02. The most important variables for prediction were age, preoperative white blood cell count, creatinine, haematocrit, platelets, blood urea nitrogen, and body mass index. Conclusion: This study is the first to internally validate an AI-driven model for predicting mortality within 30 days of surgery in an isolated population of femoral shaft fracture patients, demonstrating good performance. Further research is needed to develop an excellent-performing, AI-driven model that is externally validated prior to clinical translation to support anaesthesiologists and orthopaedic surgeons in perioperative risk stratification and patient education.
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spelling doaj-art-bef8bebbe2964a51b127a34ffc4de01a2025-08-20T03:26:00ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Anaesthesia0019-50490976-28172025-06-0169660661410.4103/ija.ija_1060_24Artificial intelligence for predicting 30-day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fractures: A retrospective studyPuneet GuptaHong-Jui ShenKunj PatelRui GuoEric R. HeinzRameshbabu ManyamBackground and Aims: Surgical repair of femoral shaft fractures continues to have notable perioperative morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to assess whether artificial intelligence (AI)-driven models can be utilised to predict 30-day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fractures and to identify patient risk factors for mortality using AI. Methods: This retrospective study utilised data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program between 2015 and 2020. Five AI-driven models were developed and tested using patient clinical information to predict mortality within 30 days of surgery. Additionally, the most important variables for the best-performing model were identified. Results: A total of 1720 patients were identified, and the 30-day mortality rate after femoral shaft fracture surgery was 3.4% (n = 58). XGBoost demonstrated the best predictive performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83, a calibration intercept of −0.03, a calibration slope of 1.17, and a Brier score of 0.02. The most important variables for prediction were age, preoperative white blood cell count, creatinine, haematocrit, platelets, blood urea nitrogen, and body mass index. Conclusion: This study is the first to internally validate an AI-driven model for predicting mortality within 30 days of surgery in an isolated population of femoral shaft fracture patients, demonstrating good performance. Further research is needed to develop an excellent-performing, AI-driven model that is externally validated prior to clinical translation to support anaesthesiologists and orthopaedic surgeons in perioperative risk stratification and patient education.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ija.ija_1060_24artificial intelligencefemoral shaftfracturesmortalityxgboost
spellingShingle Puneet Gupta
Hong-Jui Shen
Kunj Patel
Rui Guo
Eric R. Heinz
Rameshbabu Manyam
Artificial intelligence for predicting 30-day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fractures: A retrospective study
Indian Journal of Anaesthesia
artificial intelligence
femoral shaft
fractures
mortality
xgboost
title Artificial intelligence for predicting 30-day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fractures: A retrospective study
title_full Artificial intelligence for predicting 30-day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fractures: A retrospective study
title_fullStr Artificial intelligence for predicting 30-day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fractures: A retrospective study
title_full_unstemmed Artificial intelligence for predicting 30-day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fractures: A retrospective study
title_short Artificial intelligence for predicting 30-day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fractures: A retrospective study
title_sort artificial intelligence for predicting 30 day mortality after surgery for femoral shaft fractures a retrospective study
topic artificial intelligence
femoral shaft
fractures
mortality
xgboost
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ija.ija_1060_24
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