Plasma-Activated Water Against Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>
The scope of the antibacterial effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) is not yet fully comprehended. We investigated the activity of PAW produced by the in-house 3-pin atmospheric pressure plasma jet against carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and vancomycin-resistant <...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Dragana Vuković Maja Miletić Boško Toljić Nikola Milojević Olivera Jovanović Jovana Kuzmanović Pfićer Nikola Škoro Nevena Puač |
| author_facet | Dragana Vuković Maja Miletić Boško Toljić Nikola Milojević Olivera Jovanović Jovana Kuzmanović Pfićer Nikola Škoro Nevena Puač |
| author_sort | Dragana Vuković |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The scope of the antibacterial effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) is not yet fully comprehended. We investigated the activity of PAW produced by the in-house 3-pin atmospheric pressure plasma jet against carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, with a focus on PAW’s potential to promote susceptibility to conventional antibiotics in these bacteria. Bacterial inactivation was determined by the colony count after 15 and 60 min PAW treatments. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) measured following repeated exposures to PAW across multiple generations of bacteria enabled the assessment of changes in susceptibility to antibiotics. The PAW’s efficacy was also analyzed through the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in treated bacteria. Time-dependent significant inactivation efficiency against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> was observed (log reduction 6.92 ± 0.24 after 60 min exposure), while effects on <i>E. faecalis</i> were limited. PAW demonstrated potential to decrease the MICs of crucial antibiotics. Namely, a 50 to 62.5% decrease in the MICs of colistin against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and a 25% reduction in the MICs of vancomycin against enterococci were recorded. We found a significant increase in the superoxide anion concentration in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> cells after PAW treatments. This study indicates that PAW’s inactivating efficacy coupled with the capacity for the potentiation of antibiotic effects is a promising combination against multidrug-resistant bacteria. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bef679ea8a854790a5cd3cef0a8844d9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-bef679ea8a854790a5cd3cef0a8844d92025-08-20T01:56:38ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-04-0114541010.3390/pathogens14050410Plasma-Activated Water Against Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>Dragana Vuković0Maja Miletić1Boško Toljić2Nikola Milojević3Olivera Jovanović4Jovana Kuzmanović Pfićer5Nikola Škoro6Nevena Puač7Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaSchool of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaSchool of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaSchool of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaSchool of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaThe scope of the antibacterial effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) is not yet fully comprehended. We investigated the activity of PAW produced by the in-house 3-pin atmospheric pressure plasma jet against carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, with a focus on PAW’s potential to promote susceptibility to conventional antibiotics in these bacteria. Bacterial inactivation was determined by the colony count after 15 and 60 min PAW treatments. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) measured following repeated exposures to PAW across multiple generations of bacteria enabled the assessment of changes in susceptibility to antibiotics. The PAW’s efficacy was also analyzed through the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in treated bacteria. Time-dependent significant inactivation efficiency against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> was observed (log reduction 6.92 ± 0.24 after 60 min exposure), while effects on <i>E. faecalis</i> were limited. PAW demonstrated potential to decrease the MICs of crucial antibiotics. Namely, a 50 to 62.5% decrease in the MICs of colistin against <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and a 25% reduction in the MICs of vancomycin against enterococci were recorded. We found a significant increase in the superoxide anion concentration in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i> cells after PAW treatments. This study indicates that PAW’s inactivating efficacy coupled with the capacity for the potentiation of antibiotic effects is a promising combination against multidrug-resistant bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/5/410plasma-activated waterantibacterial efficacymultidrug resistance<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>Enterococcus faecalis |
| spellingShingle | Dragana Vuković Maja Miletić Boško Toljić Nikola Milojević Olivera Jovanović Jovana Kuzmanović Pfićer Nikola Škoro Nevena Puač Plasma-Activated Water Against Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Pathogens plasma-activated water antibacterial efficacy multidrug resistance <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Enterococcus faecalis |
| title | Plasma-Activated Water Against Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| title_full | Plasma-Activated Water Against Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Plasma-Activated Water Against Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasma-Activated Water Against Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| title_short | Plasma-Activated Water Against Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> |
| title_sort | plasma activated water against carbapenem resistant i klebsiella pneumoniae i and vancomycin resistant i enterococcus faecalis i |
| topic | plasma-activated water antibacterial efficacy multidrug resistance <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Enterococcus faecalis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/5/410 |
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