Corrosion Inhibition of C38 Steel in 1 M HCl Using Benzoxazole-2-Thione: Electrochemical, SEM-EDX, and Theoretical Studies

This study explores the corrosion inhibition of C38 steel in a 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution using a novel benzoxazole-2-thione compound. The inhibitor was synthesized and structurally characterized by both <sup>1</sup>H NMR (DMSO-d<sub>6</sub>/TMS) and <sup>13&l...

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Main Authors: Mohamed Omari, Khalid Bouiti, Said Jebbari, Nabil Lahrache, Ali Barhoumi, Najoua Labjar, Souad El Hajjaji, Mahado Said-Ahmed, Mounim Lebrini, Hamid Nasrellah, Mohammed El Idrissi, Abdessamad Tounsi
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/810
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author Mohamed Omari
Khalid Bouiti
Said Jebbari
Nabil Lahrache
Ali Barhoumi
Najoua Labjar
Souad El Hajjaji
Mahado Said-Ahmed
Mounim Lebrini
Hamid Nasrellah
Mohammed El Idrissi
Abdessamad Tounsi
author_facet Mohamed Omari
Khalid Bouiti
Said Jebbari
Nabil Lahrache
Ali Barhoumi
Najoua Labjar
Souad El Hajjaji
Mahado Said-Ahmed
Mounim Lebrini
Hamid Nasrellah
Mohammed El Idrissi
Abdessamad Tounsi
author_sort Mohamed Omari
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the corrosion inhibition of C38 steel in a 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution using a novel benzoxazole-2-thione compound. The inhibitor was synthesized and structurally characterized by both <sup>1</sup>H NMR (DMSO-d<sub>6</sub>/TMS) and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy. Electrochemical techniques, including Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were employed to evaluate the inhibition performance. The results indicate that the benzoxazole-2-thione significantly reduces the corrosion rate, achieving a maximum inhibition efficiency of 95.25% at a concentration of 10<sup>−4</sup> M. To gain deeper insights into the inhibition mechanism, theoretical methods such as density functional theory, Monte Carlo simulations, and molecular dynamics were applied to investigate the adsorption behavior of the compound on the steel surface. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting the coexistence of physisorption and chemisorption interactions. Surface morphology and elemental composition analyses using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) confirm the formation of a protective inhibitor film on the steel surface.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Metals
spelling doaj-art-bef522c5b3134e3f82850e6dd0da04a82025-08-20T03:36:18ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-07-0115781010.3390/met15070810Corrosion Inhibition of C38 Steel in 1 M HCl Using Benzoxazole-2-Thione: Electrochemical, SEM-EDX, and Theoretical StudiesMohamed Omari0Khalid Bouiti1Said Jebbari2Nabil Lahrache3Ali Barhoumi4Najoua Labjar5Souad El Hajjaji6Mahado Said-Ahmed7Mounim Lebrini8Hamid Nasrellah9Mohammed El Idrissi10Abdessamad Tounsi11Agro-Industrial, Environmental and Ecological Processes Team, Faculty of Science and Techniques of Benia Mellal, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, MoroccoLS3MN2E, CERNE2D, ENSAM, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10050, MoroccoLaboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 10000, MoroccoLS3MN2E, CERNE2D, ENSAM, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10050, MoroccoMolecular Modelling and Spectroscopy Research Team, Faculty of Science, Chouaib Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, MoroccoLS3MN2E, CERNE2D, ENSAM, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10050, MoroccoLS3MN2E, CERNE2D, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, MoroccoLaboratoire des Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Agressif, L3MA EA7526, Campus de Schœlcher, Université des Antilles, Schoelcher 97233, MartiniqueLaboratoire des Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Agressif, L3MA EA7526, Campus de Schœlcher, Université des Antilles, Schoelcher 97233, MartiniqueLaboratory of Organic Bioorganic Chemistry and Environment, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, MoroccoChemical Processes and Applied Materials Team, Faculty Polydisciplinary Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal 23000, MoroccoAgro-Industrial, Environmental and Ecological Processes Team, Faculty of Science and Techniques of Benia Mellal, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, MoroccoThis study explores the corrosion inhibition of C38 steel in a 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution using a novel benzoxazole-2-thione compound. The inhibitor was synthesized and structurally characterized by both <sup>1</sup>H NMR (DMSO-d<sub>6</sub>/TMS) and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy. Electrochemical techniques, including Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were employed to evaluate the inhibition performance. The results indicate that the benzoxazole-2-thione significantly reduces the corrosion rate, achieving a maximum inhibition efficiency of 95.25% at a concentration of 10<sup>−4</sup> M. To gain deeper insights into the inhibition mechanism, theoretical methods such as density functional theory, Monte Carlo simulations, and molecular dynamics were applied to investigate the adsorption behavior of the compound on the steel surface. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting the coexistence of physisorption and chemisorption interactions. Surface morphology and elemental composition analyses using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) confirm the formation of a protective inhibitor film on the steel surface.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/810corrosion inhibitionbenzoxazole-2-thioneC38 steelEISTafel polarizationSEM-EDX
spellingShingle Mohamed Omari
Khalid Bouiti
Said Jebbari
Nabil Lahrache
Ali Barhoumi
Najoua Labjar
Souad El Hajjaji
Mahado Said-Ahmed
Mounim Lebrini
Hamid Nasrellah
Mohammed El Idrissi
Abdessamad Tounsi
Corrosion Inhibition of C38 Steel in 1 M HCl Using Benzoxazole-2-Thione: Electrochemical, SEM-EDX, and Theoretical Studies
Metals
corrosion inhibition
benzoxazole-2-thione
C38 steel
EIS
Tafel polarization
SEM-EDX
title Corrosion Inhibition of C38 Steel in 1 M HCl Using Benzoxazole-2-Thione: Electrochemical, SEM-EDX, and Theoretical Studies
title_full Corrosion Inhibition of C38 Steel in 1 M HCl Using Benzoxazole-2-Thione: Electrochemical, SEM-EDX, and Theoretical Studies
title_fullStr Corrosion Inhibition of C38 Steel in 1 M HCl Using Benzoxazole-2-Thione: Electrochemical, SEM-EDX, and Theoretical Studies
title_full_unstemmed Corrosion Inhibition of C38 Steel in 1 M HCl Using Benzoxazole-2-Thione: Electrochemical, SEM-EDX, and Theoretical Studies
title_short Corrosion Inhibition of C38 Steel in 1 M HCl Using Benzoxazole-2-Thione: Electrochemical, SEM-EDX, and Theoretical Studies
title_sort corrosion inhibition of c38 steel in 1 m hcl using benzoxazole 2 thione electrochemical sem edx and theoretical studies
topic corrosion inhibition
benzoxazole-2-thione
C38 steel
EIS
Tafel polarization
SEM-EDX
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/810
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