Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Dependent Attenuation of Tear Hyperosmolarity and Immune Cell-Driven Inflammation in the Eyes of Patients with Dry Eye Disease
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic condition characterized by a decrease in tear production or an increase in tear evaporation, leading to inflammation and damage of the ocular surface. Dysfunction of ion channels, tear hyperosmolarity and immune cell-driven inflammation create a vicious...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| author | Carl Randall Harrell Valentin Djonov Ana Volarevic Aleksandar Arsenijevic Vladislav Volarevic |
| author_facet | Carl Randall Harrell Valentin Djonov Ana Volarevic Aleksandar Arsenijevic Vladislav Volarevic |
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| description | Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic condition characterized by a decrease in tear production or an increase in tear evaporation, leading to inflammation and damage of the ocular surface. Dysfunction of ion channels, tear hyperosmolarity and immune cell-driven inflammation create a vicious circle responsible for the pathological changes in the eyes of DED patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult, rapidly proliferating stem cells that produce a large number of immunoregulatory, angiomodulatory, and growth factors that efficiently reduce tear hyperosmolarity-induced pathological changes, inhibit harmful immune response, and provide trophic support to the injured corneal and conjuctival epithelial cells, goblet cells and acinar cells in lacrimal glands of DED patients. Methods: An extensive research in the literature was implemented in order to elucidate the role of MSCs in the attenuation of tear hyperosmolarity and eye inflammation in patients suffering from DED. Results: Findings obtained in preclinical and pilot clinical studies demonstrated that MSCs reduced tear hyperomsolaity-induced pathological changes and suppressed immune cell-driven eye inflammation. Additionally, MSC-based therapy managed to successfully address the most severe DED-related conditions and complications. Conclusions: MSCs should be considered as potentially new therapeutic agents for the treatment of severe DED. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2079-9721 |
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| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-bef2877b02084158ba0ddedd5fd292412025-08-20T02:28:12ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212024-10-01121126910.3390/diseases12110269Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Dependent Attenuation of Tear Hyperosmolarity and Immune Cell-Driven Inflammation in the Eyes of Patients with Dry Eye DiseaseCarl Randall Harrell0Valentin Djonov1Ana Volarevic2Aleksandar Arsenijevic3Vladislav Volarevic4Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC, 34176 US Highway 19 N, Palm Harbor, FL 34684, USAInstitute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Psychology, Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartments of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaDepartments of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Research on Harmful Effects of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaBackground: Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic condition characterized by a decrease in tear production or an increase in tear evaporation, leading to inflammation and damage of the ocular surface. Dysfunction of ion channels, tear hyperosmolarity and immune cell-driven inflammation create a vicious circle responsible for the pathological changes in the eyes of DED patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult, rapidly proliferating stem cells that produce a large number of immunoregulatory, angiomodulatory, and growth factors that efficiently reduce tear hyperosmolarity-induced pathological changes, inhibit harmful immune response, and provide trophic support to the injured corneal and conjuctival epithelial cells, goblet cells and acinar cells in lacrimal glands of DED patients. Methods: An extensive research in the literature was implemented in order to elucidate the role of MSCs in the attenuation of tear hyperosmolarity and eye inflammation in patients suffering from DED. Results: Findings obtained in preclinical and pilot clinical studies demonstrated that MSCs reduced tear hyperomsolaity-induced pathological changes and suppressed immune cell-driven eye inflammation. Additionally, MSC-based therapy managed to successfully address the most severe DED-related conditions and complications. Conclusions: MSCs should be considered as potentially new therapeutic agents for the treatment of severe DED.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/11/269mesenchymal stem cellsdry eye diseasetear hyperosmolarityimmune cell-driven inflammationdysfunction of ion channels |
| spellingShingle | Carl Randall Harrell Valentin Djonov Ana Volarevic Aleksandar Arsenijevic Vladislav Volarevic Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Dependent Attenuation of Tear Hyperosmolarity and Immune Cell-Driven Inflammation in the Eyes of Patients with Dry Eye Disease Diseases mesenchymal stem cells dry eye disease tear hyperosmolarity immune cell-driven inflammation dysfunction of ion channels |
| title | Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Dependent Attenuation of Tear Hyperosmolarity and Immune Cell-Driven Inflammation in the Eyes of Patients with Dry Eye Disease |
| title_full | Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Dependent Attenuation of Tear Hyperosmolarity and Immune Cell-Driven Inflammation in the Eyes of Patients with Dry Eye Disease |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Dependent Attenuation of Tear Hyperosmolarity and Immune Cell-Driven Inflammation in the Eyes of Patients with Dry Eye Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Dependent Attenuation of Tear Hyperosmolarity and Immune Cell-Driven Inflammation in the Eyes of Patients with Dry Eye Disease |
| title_short | Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Dependent Attenuation of Tear Hyperosmolarity and Immune Cell-Driven Inflammation in the Eyes of Patients with Dry Eye Disease |
| title_sort | molecular mechanisms responsible for mesenchymal stem cell dependent attenuation of tear hyperosmolarity and immune cell driven inflammation in the eyes of patients with dry eye disease |
| topic | mesenchymal stem cells dry eye disease tear hyperosmolarity immune cell-driven inflammation dysfunction of ion channels |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/11/269 |
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