Transcriptome analysis of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 under chemical stress reveals mechanisms of adaptation to fungistatic compounds of lignocellulosic side streams

Abstract Background Industrial lignocellulosic side streams are considered an attractive carbon source for the cultivation of biotechnologically important fungi, although the presence of toxic pretreatment by-products is a major challenge yet to be overcome. Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungu...

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Main Authors: Miika-Erik Korpioja, Emmi Sveholm, Adiphol Dilokpimol, Tanja Paasela, Andriy Kovalchuk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-025-02688-5
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author Miika-Erik Korpioja
Emmi Sveholm
Adiphol Dilokpimol
Tanja Paasela
Andriy Kovalchuk
author_facet Miika-Erik Korpioja
Emmi Sveholm
Adiphol Dilokpimol
Tanja Paasela
Andriy Kovalchuk
author_sort Miika-Erik Korpioja
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Industrial lignocellulosic side streams are considered an attractive carbon source for the cultivation of biotechnologically important fungi, although the presence of toxic pretreatment by-products is a major challenge yet to be overcome. Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus with a large secretion capacity, high tolerance for toxins, and a wide substrate range, making it a promising candidate for side stream utilization. In the present study, the cellular mechanisms of tolerance against furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin were studied at the transcriptome level. Results A. oryzae RIB40 was grown in the presence of different inhibitors commonly found in lignocellulosic side streams, and RNA sequencing was utilized to investigate the transcriptomic changes in response to the inhibitors. Analysis of the transcriptomic response in all conditions indicates that a large fraction of differentially expressed genes responded to the inhibitor-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apart from levulinic acid, all inhibitors showed strong initial suppression of metabolic pathways related to cell cycle, ribosome functions, protein folding, and sorting in the endoplasmic reticulum. Genes associated with cellular detoxification, namely, NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases and efflux transporters, such as the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters, showed strong upregulation upon exposure to the inhibitors. Conclusions The results obtained provide important insights into the stress response of A. oryzae to the xenobiotic compounds and their cellular detoxification. Aldehydic inhibitors, especially HMF, caused a strong and severe stress response in A. oryzae RIB40. Additionally, we identified several highly upregulated uncharacterized genes upon exposure to the inhibitors. These genes serve as promising targets for strain engineering to build robust industrial strains capable of utilizing lignocellulosic side streams as feedstock.
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spelling doaj-art-bef22a8489cf4ce7aa094fec049ade9e2025-08-20T03:42:26ZengBMCBiotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts2731-36542025-08-0118111710.1186/s13068-025-02688-5Transcriptome analysis of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 under chemical stress reveals mechanisms of adaptation to fungistatic compounds of lignocellulosic side streamsMiika-Erik Korpioja0Emmi Sveholm1Adiphol Dilokpimol2Tanja Paasela3Andriy Kovalchuk4VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland LtdVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland LtdVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland LtdVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland LtdVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland LtdAbstract Background Industrial lignocellulosic side streams are considered an attractive carbon source for the cultivation of biotechnologically important fungi, although the presence of toxic pretreatment by-products is a major challenge yet to be overcome. Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus with a large secretion capacity, high tolerance for toxins, and a wide substrate range, making it a promising candidate for side stream utilization. In the present study, the cellular mechanisms of tolerance against furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin were studied at the transcriptome level. Results A. oryzae RIB40 was grown in the presence of different inhibitors commonly found in lignocellulosic side streams, and RNA sequencing was utilized to investigate the transcriptomic changes in response to the inhibitors. Analysis of the transcriptomic response in all conditions indicates that a large fraction of differentially expressed genes responded to the inhibitor-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apart from levulinic acid, all inhibitors showed strong initial suppression of metabolic pathways related to cell cycle, ribosome functions, protein folding, and sorting in the endoplasmic reticulum. Genes associated with cellular detoxification, namely, NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases and efflux transporters, such as the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters, showed strong upregulation upon exposure to the inhibitors. Conclusions The results obtained provide important insights into the stress response of A. oryzae to the xenobiotic compounds and their cellular detoxification. Aldehydic inhibitors, especially HMF, caused a strong and severe stress response in A. oryzae RIB40. Additionally, we identified several highly upregulated uncharacterized genes upon exposure to the inhibitors. These genes serve as promising targets for strain engineering to build robust industrial strains capable of utilizing lignocellulosic side streams as feedstock.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-025-02688-5Industrial side streamLignocellulosic inhibitorsDetoxificationFuraldehydesWeak acidPhenolics
spellingShingle Miika-Erik Korpioja
Emmi Sveholm
Adiphol Dilokpimol
Tanja Paasela
Andriy Kovalchuk
Transcriptome analysis of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 under chemical stress reveals mechanisms of adaptation to fungistatic compounds of lignocellulosic side streams
Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
Industrial side stream
Lignocellulosic inhibitors
Detoxification
Furaldehydes
Weak acid
Phenolics
title Transcriptome analysis of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 under chemical stress reveals mechanisms of adaptation to fungistatic compounds of lignocellulosic side streams
title_full Transcriptome analysis of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 under chemical stress reveals mechanisms of adaptation to fungistatic compounds of lignocellulosic side streams
title_fullStr Transcriptome analysis of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 under chemical stress reveals mechanisms of adaptation to fungistatic compounds of lignocellulosic side streams
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptome analysis of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 under chemical stress reveals mechanisms of adaptation to fungistatic compounds of lignocellulosic side streams
title_short Transcriptome analysis of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 under chemical stress reveals mechanisms of adaptation to fungistatic compounds of lignocellulosic side streams
title_sort transcriptome analysis of aspergillus oryzae rib40 under chemical stress reveals mechanisms of adaptation to fungistatic compounds of lignocellulosic side streams
topic Industrial side stream
Lignocellulosic inhibitors
Detoxification
Furaldehydes
Weak acid
Phenolics
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-025-02688-5
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