T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer–immune interactions

Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are lipid-encapsulated nanoparticles released following the endocytic fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. sEVs are secreted by most eukaryotic cells, and they contain proteins, RNAs and DNA. They act primarily as mediators of interce...

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Main Authors: Ma Janelle Chichoco Garcia, Su Su Thae Hnit, Elena Shklovskaya, Yuling Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04109-w
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author Ma Janelle Chichoco Garcia
Su Su Thae Hnit
Elena Shklovskaya
Yuling Wang
author_facet Ma Janelle Chichoco Garcia
Su Su Thae Hnit
Elena Shklovskaya
Yuling Wang
author_sort Ma Janelle Chichoco Garcia
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are lipid-encapsulated nanoparticles released following the endocytic fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. sEVs are secreted by most eukaryotic cells, and they contain proteins, RNAs and DNA. They act primarily as mediators of intercellular communication through the transport of their contents from donor to recipient cells. Immune cells, including T cells, secrete sEVs following activation. T cell-derived sEVs (T-sEVs) have gained attention in cell-to-cell signalling and as promising immunotherapeutic agents. Growing evidence suggests that T-sEVs are key players in cancer immunotherapy responses. A better understanding of T-sEVs production and properties is key for grasping their biological functions. Extensive current literature on tumour-derived sEVs and their applications in diagnostics or therapeutics is in disconnect with fewer reports on T-sEVs. In this review, we discuss T-sEV biogenesis, their roles in cell-to-cell communication and potential applications in immunotherapy for cancer.
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issn 1432-0851
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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series Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
spelling doaj-art-bef052e5510742e3b633ec09b7f3a2be2025-08-20T04:02:57ZengSpringerCancer Immunology, Immunotherapy1432-08512025-06-0174811410.1007/s00262-025-04109-wT cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer–immune interactionsMa Janelle Chichoco Garcia0Su Su Thae Hnit1Elena Shklovskaya2Yuling Wang3School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie UniversitySchool of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie UniversityMacquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySchool of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie UniversityAbstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are lipid-encapsulated nanoparticles released following the endocytic fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. sEVs are secreted by most eukaryotic cells, and they contain proteins, RNAs and DNA. They act primarily as mediators of intercellular communication through the transport of their contents from donor to recipient cells. Immune cells, including T cells, secrete sEVs following activation. T cell-derived sEVs (T-sEVs) have gained attention in cell-to-cell signalling and as promising immunotherapeutic agents. Growing evidence suggests that T-sEVs are key players in cancer immunotherapy responses. A better understanding of T-sEVs production and properties is key for grasping their biological functions. Extensive current literature on tumour-derived sEVs and their applications in diagnostics or therapeutics is in disconnect with fewer reports on T-sEVs. In this review, we discuss T-sEV biogenesis, their roles in cell-to-cell communication and potential applications in immunotherapy for cancer.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04109-wT cellsSmall extracellular vesiclesIntercellular communicationCD4+ T cellsCD8+ T cells
spellingShingle Ma Janelle Chichoco Garcia
Su Su Thae Hnit
Elena Shklovskaya
Yuling Wang
T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer–immune interactions
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
T cells
Small extracellular vesicles
Intercellular communication
CD4+ T cells
CD8+ T cells
title T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer–immune interactions
title_full T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer–immune interactions
title_fullStr T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer–immune interactions
title_full_unstemmed T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer–immune interactions
title_short T cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer–immune interactions
title_sort t cell derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer immune interactions
topic T cells
Small extracellular vesicles
Intercellular communication
CD4+ T cells
CD8+ T cells
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04109-w
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AT susuthaehnit tcellderivedsmallextracellularvesiclesincancerimmuneinteractions
AT elenashklovskaya tcellderivedsmallextracellularvesiclesincancerimmuneinteractions
AT yulingwang tcellderivedsmallextracellularvesiclesincancerimmuneinteractions