An integrated hydrological model to simulate terrestrial water storage in a large river basin: Evaluation using GRACE data
Study region: Krishna River Basin, India Study focus: Integrated hydrological models that simulate surface and subsurface processes, and their interactions in a single framework are essential for effective management of large-scale river basins. This research is aimed at developing an integrated hyd...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581825001338 |
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| author | Sai Srinivas Gorugantula BVN P Kambhammettu |
| author_facet | Sai Srinivas Gorugantula BVN P Kambhammettu |
| author_sort | Sai Srinivas Gorugantula |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Study region: Krishna River Basin, India Study focus: Integrated hydrological models that simulate surface and subsurface processes, and their interactions in a single framework are essential for effective management of large-scale river basins. This research is aimed at developing an integrated hydrological model for the Krishna River Basin (KRB), India by tightly coupling a semi-distributed hydrological model (SWAT) with a fully distributed groundwater model (MODFLOW). New hydrological insights for the region: For the first time, the coupled SWAT-MODFLOW model was applied to a large (>250,000 km2), conjunctively managed, complexly interacted river basin. SWAT simulated streamflows and evapotranspiration (ET) for the seven sub-basins agree with gauge flows (R: 0.45–0.85; NSE: 0.2–0.69) and MODIS-derived ET fluxes (R: 0.18–0.81; NSE: −3.18–0.66). However, MODFLOW simulated heads are in less agreement with observed groundwater levels (R: −0.6–0.6) due to spatial averaging. The coupled SWAT-MODFLOW is used to estimate terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) at sub-basin level and validated with downscaled GRACE data at 0.25° resolution. Model performance is good for the lower reaches (NSE >0.3; R >0.65) with high flow exchanges and is low for the upper reaches due to underestimation of individual fluxes (NSE <0.3; R <0.65). We observed a basin-wide decline in TWSA during the simulation at a rate of 1.45 mm/month. Our findings can help in developing contextual plans for effective management of water resources. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bef021d952e14d51a5a690bd0e1fee9b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2214-5818 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |
| spelling | doaj-art-bef021d952e14d51a5a690bd0e1fee9b2025-08-20T03:13:07ZengElsevierJournal of Hydrology: Regional Studies2214-58182025-06-015910230910.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102309An integrated hydrological model to simulate terrestrial water storage in a large river basin: Evaluation using GRACE dataSai Srinivas Gorugantula0BVN P Kambhammettu1Corresponding author.; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaStudy region: Krishna River Basin, India Study focus: Integrated hydrological models that simulate surface and subsurface processes, and their interactions in a single framework are essential for effective management of large-scale river basins. This research is aimed at developing an integrated hydrological model for the Krishna River Basin (KRB), India by tightly coupling a semi-distributed hydrological model (SWAT) with a fully distributed groundwater model (MODFLOW). New hydrological insights for the region: For the first time, the coupled SWAT-MODFLOW model was applied to a large (>250,000 km2), conjunctively managed, complexly interacted river basin. SWAT simulated streamflows and evapotranspiration (ET) for the seven sub-basins agree with gauge flows (R: 0.45–0.85; NSE: 0.2–0.69) and MODIS-derived ET fluxes (R: 0.18–0.81; NSE: −3.18–0.66). However, MODFLOW simulated heads are in less agreement with observed groundwater levels (R: −0.6–0.6) due to spatial averaging. The coupled SWAT-MODFLOW is used to estimate terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) at sub-basin level and validated with downscaled GRACE data at 0.25° resolution. Model performance is good for the lower reaches (NSE >0.3; R >0.65) with high flow exchanges and is low for the upper reaches due to underestimation of individual fluxes (NSE <0.3; R <0.65). We observed a basin-wide decline in TWSA during the simulation at a rate of 1.45 mm/month. Our findings can help in developing contextual plans for effective management of water resources.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581825001338Catchment modelConjunctive managementIntegrated hydrological modelSWAT-MODFLOWSurface waterGroundwater |
| spellingShingle | Sai Srinivas Gorugantula BVN P Kambhammettu An integrated hydrological model to simulate terrestrial water storage in a large river basin: Evaluation using GRACE data Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies Catchment model Conjunctive management Integrated hydrological model SWAT-MODFLOW Surface water Groundwater |
| title | An integrated hydrological model to simulate terrestrial water storage in a large river basin: Evaluation using GRACE data |
| title_full | An integrated hydrological model to simulate terrestrial water storage in a large river basin: Evaluation using GRACE data |
| title_fullStr | An integrated hydrological model to simulate terrestrial water storage in a large river basin: Evaluation using GRACE data |
| title_full_unstemmed | An integrated hydrological model to simulate terrestrial water storage in a large river basin: Evaluation using GRACE data |
| title_short | An integrated hydrological model to simulate terrestrial water storage in a large river basin: Evaluation using GRACE data |
| title_sort | integrated hydrological model to simulate terrestrial water storage in a large river basin evaluation using grace data |
| topic | Catchment model Conjunctive management Integrated hydrological model SWAT-MODFLOW Surface water Groundwater |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581825001338 |
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