The main forms of leukodystrophies. Lecture and clinical cases

Leukodystrophies are genetically determined diseases characterised by primary damage to the white matter of the central nervous system, irrespective of the genetic defect and structural component involved. This paper classification is presented based on the identification of typical patterns charact...

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Main Authors: A. A. Ershova, A. S. Kotov
Format: Article
Language:Russian
Published: ABV-press 2023-12-01
Series:Русский журнал детской неврологии
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Online Access:https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/446
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author A. A. Ershova
A. S. Kotov
author_facet A. A. Ershova
A. S. Kotov
author_sort A. A. Ershova
collection DOAJ
description Leukodystrophies are genetically determined diseases characterised by primary damage to the white matter of the central nervous system, irrespective of the genetic defect and structural component involved. This paper classification is presented based on the identification of typical patterns characteristic of certain forms of leukodystrophy. Clinical examples are given for each of the identified patterns. The parieto-occipital pattern is considered in a clinical case of a 9-year-old boy with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Frontal pattern there is an example of a genetically verified juvenile form of Alexander’s disease in a 16-year-old female patient. The periventricular pattern reflects leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and increased lactate in a 9-year-old female patient. A subcortical pattern is considered within L-2-hydroxyglutoric aciduria in a 29-year-old patient. As examples of brainstem and cerebellar involvement patterns, autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with adult onset due to tandem duplication of the lamin B gene, identified in a 40-year-old patient, is considered. In conclusion, we present additional diagnostic methods for the differential diagnosis of brain white matter diseases and a brief overview of treatment.
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series Русский журнал детской неврологии
spelling doaj-art-beea818c30c4424fa52dbffa6c0731902025-08-20T04:00:01ZrusABV-pressРусский журнал детской неврологии2073-88032412-91782023-12-01182-3455110.17650/2073-8803-2023-18-2-3-45-51301The main forms of leukodystrophies. Lecture and clinical casesA. A. Ershova0A. S. Kotov1M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research Clinical InstituteM.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research Clinical InstituteLeukodystrophies are genetically determined diseases characterised by primary damage to the white matter of the central nervous system, irrespective of the genetic defect and structural component involved. This paper classification is presented based on the identification of typical patterns characteristic of certain forms of leukodystrophy. Clinical examples are given for each of the identified patterns. The parieto-occipital pattern is considered in a clinical case of a 9-year-old boy with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Frontal pattern there is an example of a genetically verified juvenile form of Alexander’s disease in a 16-year-old female patient. The periventricular pattern reflects leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and increased lactate in a 9-year-old female patient. A subcortical pattern is considered within L-2-hydroxyglutoric aciduria in a 29-year-old patient. As examples of brainstem and cerebellar involvement patterns, autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with adult onset due to tandem duplication of the lamin B gene, identified in a 40-year-old patient, is considered. In conclusion, we present additional diagnostic methods for the differential diagnosis of brain white matter diseases and a brief overview of treatment.https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/446leukodystrophiesalexander diseasel-2-hydroxyglutoric aciduria
spellingShingle A. A. Ershova
A. S. Kotov
The main forms of leukodystrophies. Lecture and clinical cases
Русский журнал детской неврологии
leukodystrophies
alexander disease
l-2-hydroxyglutoric aciduria
title The main forms of leukodystrophies. Lecture and clinical cases
title_full The main forms of leukodystrophies. Lecture and clinical cases
title_fullStr The main forms of leukodystrophies. Lecture and clinical cases
title_full_unstemmed The main forms of leukodystrophies. Lecture and clinical cases
title_short The main forms of leukodystrophies. Lecture and clinical cases
title_sort main forms of leukodystrophies lecture and clinical cases
topic leukodystrophies
alexander disease
l-2-hydroxyglutoric aciduria
url https://rjdn.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/446
work_keys_str_mv AT aaershova themainformsofleukodystrophieslectureandclinicalcases
AT askotov themainformsofleukodystrophieslectureandclinicalcases
AT aaershova mainformsofleukodystrophieslectureandclinicalcases
AT askotov mainformsofleukodystrophieslectureandclinicalcases