Socioeconomic and sex disparities in hypertension and diabetes mellitus care cascade among tribal populations in Odisha, India: findings from the Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey (OTFHS), 2022–23
Abstract Background We assessed sex and socioeconomic disparities in the care cascade, i.e., awareness, treatment, and control (ATC), for hypertension and diabetes among Odisha’s tribal communities. Methods We surveyed 14 tribal districts via multistage cluster sampling covering 10,090 households fr...
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2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23587-2 |
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| author | Tanveer Rehman Chinmayee Sethy Afeeq K. Jaya Singh Kshatri Manikandanesan Sakthivel Kavitha A.K. Ansuman Panigrahi Mohan Kumar Raju Archana Ramalingam Sanghamitra Pati |
| author_facet | Tanveer Rehman Chinmayee Sethy Afeeq K. Jaya Singh Kshatri Manikandanesan Sakthivel Kavitha A.K. Ansuman Panigrahi Mohan Kumar Raju Archana Ramalingam Sanghamitra Pati |
| author_sort | Tanveer Rehman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background We assessed sex and socioeconomic disparities in the care cascade, i.e., awareness, treatment, and control (ATC), for hypertension and diabetes among Odisha’s tribal communities. Methods We surveyed 14 tribal districts via multistage cluster sampling covering 10,090 households from 2022 to 23. Data from individuals aged > 18 years were analyzed for hypertension (BP > 140/90 mmHg) and diabetes (RBS > 200 mg/dL). The outcomes included (i) awareness (prior diagnosis or medication use), (ii) treatment (self-reported medication use), and (iii) control (BP < 140/90 mmHg for hypertension, RBS < 180 mg/dL for diabetes). Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs with 95% CIs) for gender and wealth quintile associations with ATC stages. Results Of the 21,100 participants, 33.7% had hypertension and 9.7% had diabetes. Among the 6,620 hypertensive individuals, 19% were aware, 13·8% were on treatment, and 6·8% had controlled BP. Women with hypertension (N = 3,609) had significantly better outcomes than men did: awareness (aPR: 1·4;1·2–1·6), treatment (aPR: 1·5; 1·2–1·7), and control (aPR: 1·7; 1·4–2·2). Compared with those in the poorest quintile, hypertensive individuals from the richest quintile (N = 1,804) were more likely to be aware (aPR: 1·5; 1·2-1·9) and on treatment (aPR: 1·5; 1·2–2·7); however, BP control was not significantly different (aPR: 1·6; 0·9-2·8). Among the 1,883 individuals with diabetes, 49% were aware, 44·4% were on treatment, and 40·7% achieved control. Conclusion Significant socioeconomic and sex inequities persist in hypertension care among Odisha’s tribal populations, with better ATC outcomes for women and wealthier individuals. Targeted screening and gender-sensitive approaches are essential for equitable healthcare access. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bee633941d464c7ab169341b2ccc5afe |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-bee633941d464c7ab169341b2ccc5afe2025-08-20T03:46:23ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-07-0125111210.1186/s12889-025-23587-2Socioeconomic and sex disparities in hypertension and diabetes mellitus care cascade among tribal populations in Odisha, India: findings from the Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey (OTFHS), 2022–23Tanveer Rehman0Chinmayee Sethy1Afeeq K.2Jaya Singh Kshatri3Manikandanesan Sakthivel4Kavitha A.K.5Ansuman Panigrahi6Mohan Kumar Raju7Archana Ramalingam8Sanghamitra Pati9ICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreICMR-National Institute of EpidemiologyICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreICMR-National Institute of EpidemiologyICMR-National Institute of EpidemiologyICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreAbstract Background We assessed sex and socioeconomic disparities in the care cascade, i.e., awareness, treatment, and control (ATC), for hypertension and diabetes among Odisha’s tribal communities. Methods We surveyed 14 tribal districts via multistage cluster sampling covering 10,090 households from 2022 to 23. Data from individuals aged > 18 years were analyzed for hypertension (BP > 140/90 mmHg) and diabetes (RBS > 200 mg/dL). The outcomes included (i) awareness (prior diagnosis or medication use), (ii) treatment (self-reported medication use), and (iii) control (BP < 140/90 mmHg for hypertension, RBS < 180 mg/dL for diabetes). Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs with 95% CIs) for gender and wealth quintile associations with ATC stages. Results Of the 21,100 participants, 33.7% had hypertension and 9.7% had diabetes. Among the 6,620 hypertensive individuals, 19% were aware, 13·8% were on treatment, and 6·8% had controlled BP. Women with hypertension (N = 3,609) had significantly better outcomes than men did: awareness (aPR: 1·4;1·2–1·6), treatment (aPR: 1·5; 1·2–1·7), and control (aPR: 1·7; 1·4–2·2). Compared with those in the poorest quintile, hypertensive individuals from the richest quintile (N = 1,804) were more likely to be aware (aPR: 1·5; 1·2-1·9) and on treatment (aPR: 1·5; 1·2–2·7); however, BP control was not significantly different (aPR: 1·6; 0·9-2·8). Among the 1,883 individuals with diabetes, 49% were aware, 44·4% were on treatment, and 40·7% achieved control. Conclusion Significant socioeconomic and sex inequities persist in hypertension care among Odisha’s tribal populations, with better ATC outcomes for women and wealthier individuals. Targeted screening and gender-sensitive approaches are essential for equitable healthcare access.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23587-2Care continuumDeterminants of healthHypertensionDiabetesTribal populationOdisha |
| spellingShingle | Tanveer Rehman Chinmayee Sethy Afeeq K. Jaya Singh Kshatri Manikandanesan Sakthivel Kavitha A.K. Ansuman Panigrahi Mohan Kumar Raju Archana Ramalingam Sanghamitra Pati Socioeconomic and sex disparities in hypertension and diabetes mellitus care cascade among tribal populations in Odisha, India: findings from the Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey (OTFHS), 2022–23 BMC Public Health Care continuum Determinants of health Hypertension Diabetes Tribal population Odisha |
| title | Socioeconomic and sex disparities in hypertension and diabetes mellitus care cascade among tribal populations in Odisha, India: findings from the Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey (OTFHS), 2022–23 |
| title_full | Socioeconomic and sex disparities in hypertension and diabetes mellitus care cascade among tribal populations in Odisha, India: findings from the Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey (OTFHS), 2022–23 |
| title_fullStr | Socioeconomic and sex disparities in hypertension and diabetes mellitus care cascade among tribal populations in Odisha, India: findings from the Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey (OTFHS), 2022–23 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Socioeconomic and sex disparities in hypertension and diabetes mellitus care cascade among tribal populations in Odisha, India: findings from the Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey (OTFHS), 2022–23 |
| title_short | Socioeconomic and sex disparities in hypertension and diabetes mellitus care cascade among tribal populations in Odisha, India: findings from the Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey (OTFHS), 2022–23 |
| title_sort | socioeconomic and sex disparities in hypertension and diabetes mellitus care cascade among tribal populations in odisha india findings from the odisha tribal family health survey otfhs 2022 23 |
| topic | Care continuum Determinants of health Hypertension Diabetes Tribal population Odisha |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23587-2 |
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