Serum Concentrations of Imidazole Dipeptides and Serum Amyloid A in a Bottlenose Dolphin (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) with Rhabdomyolysis: Potential Biomarkers for Muscular Damage

Serum Concentrations of Imidazole Dipeptides and Serum Amyloid A in a Bottlenose Dolphin (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) with Rhabdomyolysis: Potential Biomarkers for Muscular Damage

Imidazole dipeptides (IDPs), including anserine, carnosine, and balenine, are predominantly found in the skeletal muscles of vertebrates. Balenine is the major IDP in cetaceans. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein released in response to damage or injury in various tissues, including ske...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nanami Arakawa, Mika Otsuka, Takahisa Hamano, Momochika Kumagai, Sanae Kato, Takuya Hirai, Akira Yabuki, Osamu Yamato
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
imidazole dipeptide
serum amyloid A
rhabdomyolysis
skeletal muscle
biomarker
bottlenose dolphin
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/13/1950
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