ppb-Level SO<sub>2</sub> Photoacoustic Sensor for SF<sub>6</sub> Decomposition Analysis Utilizing a High-Power UV Laser with a Power Normalization Method
A highly sensitive sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) photoacoustic gas sensor was developed for the sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) decomposition detection in electric power systems by using a novel 266 nm low-cost high-power solid-state pulse laser and a high <i>Q&l...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Xiu Yang Baisong Chen Yuyang He Chenchen Zhu Xing Zhou Yize Liang Biao Li Xukun Yin |
| author_facet | Xiu Yang Baisong Chen Yuyang He Chenchen Zhu Xing Zhou Yize Liang Biao Li Xukun Yin |
| author_sort | Xiu Yang |
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| description | A highly sensitive sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) photoacoustic gas sensor was developed for the sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) decomposition detection in electric power systems by using a novel 266 nm low-cost high-power solid-state pulse laser and a high <i>Q</i>-factor differential photoacoustic cell. The ultraviolet (UV) pulse laser is based on a passive <i>Q</i>-switching technology with a high output power of 28 mW. The photoacoustic signal was normalized to the laser power to solve the fluctuation of the photoacoustic signal due to the power instability of the UV laser. A differential photoacoustic cell can obtain a high <i>Q</i>-factor and reduce the gas flow noise in SF<sub>6</sub> buffer gas. The parameters of the SO<sub>2</sub> sensor system were optimized in terms of laser power and operating pressure. A 1σ detection limit (SNR = 1) of 2.34 ppb was achieved with a 1 s integration time, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 7.62 × 10<sup>−10</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>WHz<sup>−1/2</sup>. |
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| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-bebd8ed28e4c4a59912997e5359019102025-08-20T02:01:19ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-012424791110.3390/s24247911ppb-Level SO<sub>2</sub> Photoacoustic Sensor for SF<sub>6</sub> Decomposition Analysis Utilizing a High-Power UV Laser with a Power Normalization MethodXiu Yang0Baisong Chen1Yuyang He2Chenchen Zhu3Xing Zhou4Yize Liang5Biao Li6Xukun Yin7Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, ChinaSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaHangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, ChinaHangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, ChinaSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmission Technology, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, ChinaHangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311200, ChinaA highly sensitive sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) photoacoustic gas sensor was developed for the sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>) decomposition detection in electric power systems by using a novel 266 nm low-cost high-power solid-state pulse laser and a high <i>Q</i>-factor differential photoacoustic cell. The ultraviolet (UV) pulse laser is based on a passive <i>Q</i>-switching technology with a high output power of 28 mW. The photoacoustic signal was normalized to the laser power to solve the fluctuation of the photoacoustic signal due to the power instability of the UV laser. A differential photoacoustic cell can obtain a high <i>Q</i>-factor and reduce the gas flow noise in SF<sub>6</sub> buffer gas. The parameters of the SO<sub>2</sub> sensor system were optimized in terms of laser power and operating pressure. A 1σ detection limit (SNR = 1) of 2.34 ppb was achieved with a 1 s integration time, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 7.62 × 10<sup>−10</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>WHz<sup>−1/2</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/7911photoacoustic spectroscopygas detectionsulfur hexafluoride |
| spellingShingle | Xiu Yang Baisong Chen Yuyang He Chenchen Zhu Xing Zhou Yize Liang Biao Li Xukun Yin ppb-Level SO<sub>2</sub> Photoacoustic Sensor for SF<sub>6</sub> Decomposition Analysis Utilizing a High-Power UV Laser with a Power Normalization Method Sensors photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection sulfur hexafluoride |
| title | ppb-Level SO<sub>2</sub> Photoacoustic Sensor for SF<sub>6</sub> Decomposition Analysis Utilizing a High-Power UV Laser with a Power Normalization Method |
| title_full | ppb-Level SO<sub>2</sub> Photoacoustic Sensor for SF<sub>6</sub> Decomposition Analysis Utilizing a High-Power UV Laser with a Power Normalization Method |
| title_fullStr | ppb-Level SO<sub>2</sub> Photoacoustic Sensor for SF<sub>6</sub> Decomposition Analysis Utilizing a High-Power UV Laser with a Power Normalization Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | ppb-Level SO<sub>2</sub> Photoacoustic Sensor for SF<sub>6</sub> Decomposition Analysis Utilizing a High-Power UV Laser with a Power Normalization Method |
| title_short | ppb-Level SO<sub>2</sub> Photoacoustic Sensor for SF<sub>6</sub> Decomposition Analysis Utilizing a High-Power UV Laser with a Power Normalization Method |
| title_sort | ppb level so sub 2 sub photoacoustic sensor for sf sub 6 sub decomposition analysis utilizing a high power uv laser with a power normalization method |
| topic | photoacoustic spectroscopy gas detection sulfur hexafluoride |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/7911 |
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