Dust-obscured Galaxies in the XMM-SERVS Fields: Selection, Multiwavelength Characterization, and Physical Nature

Dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) are enshrouded by dust and many are believed to host accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs), which makes them unique objects for probing the coevolution of galaxies and SMBHs. We select and characterize DOGs in the 13 deg ^2 XMM-Spitzer Extragalactic Representative...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhibo Yu, W. N. Brandt, Fan Zou, Ziyuan Zhu, Franz E. Bauer, Nathan Cristello, Bin Luo, Qingling Ni, Fabio Vito, Yongquan Xue
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8bc0
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850062468006543360
author Zhibo Yu
W. N. Brandt
Fan Zou
Ziyuan Zhu
Franz E. Bauer
Nathan Cristello
Bin Luo
Qingling Ni
Fabio Vito
Yongquan Xue
author_facet Zhibo Yu
W. N. Brandt
Fan Zou
Ziyuan Zhu
Franz E. Bauer
Nathan Cristello
Bin Luo
Qingling Ni
Fabio Vito
Yongquan Xue
author_sort Zhibo Yu
collection DOAJ
description Dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) are enshrouded by dust and many are believed to host accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs), which makes them unique objects for probing the coevolution of galaxies and SMBHs. We select and characterize DOGs in the 13 deg ^2 XMM-Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (XMM-SERVS), leveraging the superb multiwavelength data—from X-rays to radio. We select 3738 DOGs at z ≈ 1.6–2.1 in XMM-SERVS, while maintaining good data quality without introducing significant bias. This represents the largest DOG sample with thorough multiwavelength source characterization. Spectral energy distribution modeling shows DOGs are a heterogeneous population consisting of both normal galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our DOGs are massive ( $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\approx 10.7-11.3$ ), 174 are detected in X-rays, and they are generally radio-quiet systems. X-ray detected DOGs are luminous and are moderately to heavily obscured in X-rays. Stacking analyses for the X-ray undetected DOGs show highly significant average detections. Critically, we compare DOGs with matched galaxy populations. DOGs have similar AGN fractions compared with typical galaxy populations. X-ray detected DOGs have higher M _⋆ and higher X-ray obscuration, but they are not more star-forming than typical X-ray AGNs. Our results potentially challenge the relevance of the merger-driven galaxy-SMBH coevolution framework for X-ray detected DOGs.
format Article
id doaj-art-bea8a89b2b1845dbadef8712795a5a63
institution DOAJ
issn 1538-4357
language English
publishDate 2024-01-01
publisher IOP Publishing
record_format Article
series The Astrophysical Journal
spelling doaj-art-bea8a89b2b1845dbadef8712795a5a632025-08-20T02:49:55ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01977221010.3847/1538-4357/ad8bc0Dust-obscured Galaxies in the XMM-SERVS Fields: Selection, Multiwavelength Characterization, and Physical NatureZhibo Yu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6990-9058W. N. Brandt1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0167-2453Fan Zou2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-6923Ziyuan Zhu3https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8023-5701Franz E. Bauer4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8686-8737Nathan Cristello5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6317-8488Bin Luo6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-0063Qingling Ni7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8577-2717Fabio Vito8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-9305Yongquan Xue9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-8104Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University , 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA ; zvy5225@psu.edu; Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University , 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA ; zvy5225@psu.edu; Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Physics, 104 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University , 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA ; zvy5225@psu.edu; Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of ChinaInstituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile; Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS) , Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100, Providencia, Santiago, Chile; Space Science Institute , 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University , 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA ; zvy5225@psu.eduSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University) , Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of ChinaMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) , Gießenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, GermanyINAF–Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, ItalyCAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People's Republic of ChinaDust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) are enshrouded by dust and many are believed to host accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs), which makes them unique objects for probing the coevolution of galaxies and SMBHs. We select and characterize DOGs in the 13 deg ^2 XMM-Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (XMM-SERVS), leveraging the superb multiwavelength data—from X-rays to radio. We select 3738 DOGs at z ≈ 1.6–2.1 in XMM-SERVS, while maintaining good data quality without introducing significant bias. This represents the largest DOG sample with thorough multiwavelength source characterization. Spectral energy distribution modeling shows DOGs are a heterogeneous population consisting of both normal galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our DOGs are massive ( $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\approx 10.7-11.3$ ), 174 are detected in X-rays, and they are generally radio-quiet systems. X-ray detected DOGs are luminous and are moderately to heavily obscured in X-rays. Stacking analyses for the X-ray undetected DOGs show highly significant average detections. Critically, we compare DOGs with matched galaxy populations. DOGs have similar AGN fractions compared with typical galaxy populations. X-ray detected DOGs have higher M _⋆ and higher X-ray obscuration, but they are not more star-forming than typical X-ray AGNs. Our results potentially challenge the relevance of the merger-driven galaxy-SMBH coevolution framework for X-ray detected DOGs.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8bc0GalaxiesActive galactic nucleiSurveys
spellingShingle Zhibo Yu
W. N. Brandt
Fan Zou
Ziyuan Zhu
Franz E. Bauer
Nathan Cristello
Bin Luo
Qingling Ni
Fabio Vito
Yongquan Xue
Dust-obscured Galaxies in the XMM-SERVS Fields: Selection, Multiwavelength Characterization, and Physical Nature
The Astrophysical Journal
Galaxies
Active galactic nuclei
Surveys
title Dust-obscured Galaxies in the XMM-SERVS Fields: Selection, Multiwavelength Characterization, and Physical Nature
title_full Dust-obscured Galaxies in the XMM-SERVS Fields: Selection, Multiwavelength Characterization, and Physical Nature
title_fullStr Dust-obscured Galaxies in the XMM-SERVS Fields: Selection, Multiwavelength Characterization, and Physical Nature
title_full_unstemmed Dust-obscured Galaxies in the XMM-SERVS Fields: Selection, Multiwavelength Characterization, and Physical Nature
title_short Dust-obscured Galaxies in the XMM-SERVS Fields: Selection, Multiwavelength Characterization, and Physical Nature
title_sort dust obscured galaxies in the xmm servs fields selection multiwavelength characterization and physical nature
topic Galaxies
Active galactic nuclei
Surveys
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8bc0
work_keys_str_mv AT zhiboyu dustobscuredgalaxiesinthexmmservsfieldsselectionmultiwavelengthcharacterizationandphysicalnature
AT wnbrandt dustobscuredgalaxiesinthexmmservsfieldsselectionmultiwavelengthcharacterizationandphysicalnature
AT fanzou dustobscuredgalaxiesinthexmmservsfieldsselectionmultiwavelengthcharacterizationandphysicalnature
AT ziyuanzhu dustobscuredgalaxiesinthexmmservsfieldsselectionmultiwavelengthcharacterizationandphysicalnature
AT franzebauer dustobscuredgalaxiesinthexmmservsfieldsselectionmultiwavelengthcharacterizationandphysicalnature
AT nathancristello dustobscuredgalaxiesinthexmmservsfieldsselectionmultiwavelengthcharacterizationandphysicalnature
AT binluo dustobscuredgalaxiesinthexmmservsfieldsselectionmultiwavelengthcharacterizationandphysicalnature
AT qinglingni dustobscuredgalaxiesinthexmmservsfieldsselectionmultiwavelengthcharacterizationandphysicalnature
AT fabiovito dustobscuredgalaxiesinthexmmservsfieldsselectionmultiwavelengthcharacterizationandphysicalnature
AT yongquanxue dustobscuredgalaxiesinthexmmservsfieldsselectionmultiwavelengthcharacterizationandphysicalnature