Full-Wave Simulations of Forest at L-Band With Fast Hybrid Multiple Scattering Theory Method and Comparison With GNSS Signals
Full-wave simulations at L-band using the fast hybrid multiple scattering theory method (FHMSTM) have been applied to the Harvard Forest in Massachusetts using the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2022 (SMAPVEX22) dataset. Due to the limitations of commercial full-wave electromagne...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10850750/ |
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| author | Jongwoo Jeong Leung Tsang Mehmet Kurum Abesh Ghosh Andreas Colliander Simon Yueh Kyle McDonald Nicholas Steiner Michael H. Cosh |
| author_facet | Jongwoo Jeong Leung Tsang Mehmet Kurum Abesh Ghosh Andreas Colliander Simon Yueh Kyle McDonald Nicholas Steiner Michael H. Cosh |
| author_sort | Jongwoo Jeong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Full-wave simulations at L-band using the fast hybrid multiple scattering theory method (FHMSTM) have been applied to the Harvard Forest in Massachusetts using the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2022 (SMAPVEX22) dataset. Due to the limitations of commercial full-wave electromagnetic solvers, the FHMSTM is our choice considering its efficient and fast solutions. During SMAPVEX22, scientists collected a dataset of tree sizes, tree positions (derived from light detection and ranging measurement), and microwave signals utilizing the Global Navigation Satellite System Transmissometry approach. The 3-D geometric forest model provides 300 trees with heights up to 19 m by processing the dataset. We import the forest model into the FHMSTM and analyze microwave propagation at MA401. The FHMSTM analysis shows that the transmissivity ranges from 0.627 to 0.674 for the vertically polarized incident wave source and from 0.593 to 0.665 for the horizontally polarized incident wave source. To validate the FHMSTM, a comparison is made with the GNSS signals. The comparison results of microwaves are in good agreement, demonstrating the physical results such as shadowing effects under the trees and higher electric amplitudes at some points in forests compared to that of the open area. We also analyze the effects of tapered trees in this study. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bea6d11e357e407c9f20f05410ebd885 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1939-1404 2151-1535 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-bea6d11e357e407c9f20f05410ebd8852025-08-20T02:15:32ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing1939-14042151-15352025-01-01185395540510.1109/JSTARS.2025.353331310850750Full-Wave Simulations of Forest at L-Band With Fast Hybrid Multiple Scattering Theory Method and Comparison With GNSS SignalsJongwoo Jeong0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6138-4894Leung Tsang1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-2799Mehmet Kurum2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-9014Abesh Ghosh3https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6525-6310Andreas Colliander4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4093-8119Simon Yueh5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-5295Kyle McDonald6Nicholas Steiner7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5943-8400Michael H. Cosh8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-1918Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USADepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USASchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USASchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USADepartment of Earth and Atmospheric Science, The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USADepartment of Earth and Atmospheric Science, The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USAUSDA Agricultural Research Service Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USAFull-wave simulations at L-band using the fast hybrid multiple scattering theory method (FHMSTM) have been applied to the Harvard Forest in Massachusetts using the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2022 (SMAPVEX22) dataset. Due to the limitations of commercial full-wave electromagnetic solvers, the FHMSTM is our choice considering its efficient and fast solutions. During SMAPVEX22, scientists collected a dataset of tree sizes, tree positions (derived from light detection and ranging measurement), and microwave signals utilizing the Global Navigation Satellite System Transmissometry approach. The 3-D geometric forest model provides 300 trees with heights up to 19 m by processing the dataset. We import the forest model into the FHMSTM and analyze microwave propagation at MA401. The FHMSTM analysis shows that the transmissivity ranges from 0.627 to 0.674 for the vertically polarized incident wave source and from 0.593 to 0.665 for the horizontally polarized incident wave source. To validate the FHMSTM, a comparison is made with the GNSS signals. The comparison results of microwaves are in good agreement, demonstrating the physical results such as shadowing effects under the trees and higher electric amplitudes at some points in forests compared to that of the open area. We also analyze the effects of tapered trees in this study.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10850750/Foldy–Lax multiple-scattering equationforestsfull-wave simulationsGlobal Navigation Satellite System Transmissometry (GNSS-T)propagation |
| spellingShingle | Jongwoo Jeong Leung Tsang Mehmet Kurum Abesh Ghosh Andreas Colliander Simon Yueh Kyle McDonald Nicholas Steiner Michael H. Cosh Full-Wave Simulations of Forest at L-Band With Fast Hybrid Multiple Scattering Theory Method and Comparison With GNSS Signals IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing Foldy–Lax multiple-scattering equation forests full-wave simulations Global Navigation Satellite System Transmissometry (GNSS-T) propagation |
| title | Full-Wave Simulations of Forest at L-Band With Fast Hybrid Multiple Scattering Theory Method and Comparison With GNSS Signals |
| title_full | Full-Wave Simulations of Forest at L-Band With Fast Hybrid Multiple Scattering Theory Method and Comparison With GNSS Signals |
| title_fullStr | Full-Wave Simulations of Forest at L-Band With Fast Hybrid Multiple Scattering Theory Method and Comparison With GNSS Signals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Full-Wave Simulations of Forest at L-Band With Fast Hybrid Multiple Scattering Theory Method and Comparison With GNSS Signals |
| title_short | Full-Wave Simulations of Forest at L-Band With Fast Hybrid Multiple Scattering Theory Method and Comparison With GNSS Signals |
| title_sort | full wave simulations of forest at l band with fast hybrid multiple scattering theory method and comparison with gnss signals |
| topic | Foldy–Lax multiple-scattering equation forests full-wave simulations Global Navigation Satellite System Transmissometry (GNSS-T) propagation |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10850750/ |
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