Optical XOR logic gate design in two dimensional photonic crystal using ANN and PSO

Abstract In this paper, we present an all-optical XOR gate based on two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs). The proposed gate is designed to be used in optical computing and all-optical logic applications, offering advantages such as fast computation and parallel processing. To enhance the design p...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Farsad Heidari, Delir Pashabadi, Mohammad Fathi, Mohammad Razaghi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12146-9
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