Income Inequality and the Intersectionality of Gender and Ethnicity in Iran

This study investigates the impact of the intersection of gender and ethnicity on income inequality in Iran. We use data from two sources: the National Survey of the Consumption of Cultural Goods (2019) collected by the Research Center for Culture, Art and Communication, and the Household Expenditur...

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Main Authors: Pedram Mohammad Hassan, Ali Reza Oryoie
Format: Article
Language:fas
Published: Center for women's and family Studies ,University of Tehran 2024-12-01
Series:زن در توسعه و سیاست
Subjects:
Online Access:https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_98706_ae583e3caf10f9c06fe7f9ce21768743.pdf
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author Pedram Mohammad Hassan
Ali Reza Oryoie
author_facet Pedram Mohammad Hassan
Ali Reza Oryoie
author_sort Pedram Mohammad Hassan
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the impact of the intersection of gender and ethnicity on income inequality in Iran. We use data from two sources: the National Survey of the Consumption of Cultural Goods (2019) collected by the Research Center for Culture, Art and Communication, and the Household Expenditure and Income Surveys (HEIS) collected by the Statistical Center of Iran between 2016 and 2020. Our findings, based on Ordinary Least Squares and Quantile Regressions, reveal a persistent gender income gap across all income percentiles and ethnicities, with women consistently earning less than men. Furthermore, the interaction term between gender (being female) and ethnicity (being non-Fars) is significant and negative for both low and high-income groups. This suggests that being non-Fars exacerbates the gender income gap for women (non-Fars women face a significantly wider gender income gap when compared to Fars women). Additionally, regardless of ethnicity, the gender income gap is the largest for women in the lowest income percentiles and smallest in the middle percentiles. Our results highlight the importance of considering the concept of Intersectionality when formulating policies. Policies aimed solely at reducing the gender income gap might be ineffective unless they acknowledge the diversity of ethnicities within a society.
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publisher Center for women's and family Studies ,University of Tehran
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spelling doaj-art-be91e4e15bb14aff953ce23340a471142025-08-20T02:43:12ZfasCenter for women's and family Studies ,University of Tehranزن در توسعه و سیاست2538-31242538-31322024-12-0122491793910.22059/jwdp.2024.377061.100845298706Income Inequality and the Intersectionality of Gender and Ethnicity in IranPedram Mohammad Hassan0Ali Reza Oryoie1MSc Student, Department of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.This study investigates the impact of the intersection of gender and ethnicity on income inequality in Iran. We use data from two sources: the National Survey of the Consumption of Cultural Goods (2019) collected by the Research Center for Culture, Art and Communication, and the Household Expenditure and Income Surveys (HEIS) collected by the Statistical Center of Iran between 2016 and 2020. Our findings, based on Ordinary Least Squares and Quantile Regressions, reveal a persistent gender income gap across all income percentiles and ethnicities, with women consistently earning less than men. Furthermore, the interaction term between gender (being female) and ethnicity (being non-Fars) is significant and negative for both low and high-income groups. This suggests that being non-Fars exacerbates the gender income gap for women (non-Fars women face a significantly wider gender income gap when compared to Fars women). Additionally, regardless of ethnicity, the gender income gap is the largest for women in the lowest income percentiles and smallest in the middle percentiles. Our results highlight the importance of considering the concept of Intersectionality when formulating policies. Policies aimed solely at reducing the gender income gap might be ineffective unless they acknowledge the diversity of ethnicities within a society.https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_98706_ae583e3caf10f9c06fe7f9ce21768743.pdfethnicitygenderincome inequalityintersectionality
spellingShingle Pedram Mohammad Hassan
Ali Reza Oryoie
Income Inequality and the Intersectionality of Gender and Ethnicity in Iran
زن در توسعه و سیاست
ethnicity
gender
income inequality
intersectionality
title Income Inequality and the Intersectionality of Gender and Ethnicity in Iran
title_full Income Inequality and the Intersectionality of Gender and Ethnicity in Iran
title_fullStr Income Inequality and the Intersectionality of Gender and Ethnicity in Iran
title_full_unstemmed Income Inequality and the Intersectionality of Gender and Ethnicity in Iran
title_short Income Inequality and the Intersectionality of Gender and Ethnicity in Iran
title_sort income inequality and the intersectionality of gender and ethnicity in iran
topic ethnicity
gender
income inequality
intersectionality
url https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_98706_ae583e3caf10f9c06fe7f9ce21768743.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT pedrammohammadhassan incomeinequalityandtheintersectionalityofgenderandethnicityiniran
AT alirezaoryoie incomeinequalityandtheintersectionalityofgenderandethnicityiniran