Comparison of column adsorption processes by downflow and upflow for removal of cupric (Cu2+) ion solutions using non activated and activated charcoal from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) stems
The escalating environmental threat of heavy metal pollution particularly copper ions emphasizes the importance of wastewater treatment methods. A practical approach is adsorption using plant biomass. This study used column adsorption by comparing the downflow and upflow processes to remove cupric (...
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Elsevier
2025-04-01
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| Series: | South African Journal of Chemical Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918525000058 |
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| author | Bode Haryanto Sofyan Efendi Saragih Hamidah Harahap Tubagus Rayyan Fitra Sinuhaji Vikram Alexander |
| author_facet | Bode Haryanto Sofyan Efendi Saragih Hamidah Harahap Tubagus Rayyan Fitra Sinuhaji Vikram Alexander |
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| description | The escalating environmental threat of heavy metal pollution particularly copper ions emphasizes the importance of wastewater treatment methods. A practical approach is adsorption using plant biomass. This study used column adsorption by comparing the downflow and upflow processes to remove cupric (Cu2+) ion from solution by adsorbent from rambutan stems charcoal that not activated and activated using nitric acid. The adsorbent size was 50 mesh, 70 mesh, and 100 mesh, the feed flow rates was 5 mL/min and 10 mL/min, initial concentrations of Cu2+ ion was 50 mg/L and 150 mg/L. The Cu2+ ion solution was pumped by upflow and downflow after the activated rambutan stem charcoal was inserted into the column. Fourier Transform Infra-Red carried out for analysis the functional group of the adsorbent before and after the activation. Changes in pore structure and chemical composition were verified by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis. The modelling with breakthrough curve and modeling of Bohart-Adam model, Yoon-Nelson model and Thomas model are determined to fit the both column adsorption processes. Based on the results, the highest removal efficiency was 82.71 % obtained at Cu2+ ion concentration of 50 mg/L by upflow adsorption at flow rate of 5 mL/min using 100 mesh of activated charcoal of rambutan stem achieved of 2.87 min loading time. The result of this study describe the increase in removal efficiency occurred at lower Cu2+ ion concentrations with lower flow rate while using of larger adsorbent size. Longer loading times achieved at the increasing of Cu2+ ion concentration, decreasing of flow rate, and increasing of adsorbent size led to. Compared to downflow adsorption, upflow adsorption has a longer loading time. The breakthrough curve has ''S'' shaped profile for both upflow and downflow adsorption. However, the upflow adsorption breakthrough curve is more reliable as well as other modeling fittings showed higher coefficient of determination than the downflow. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1026-9185 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | South African Journal of Chemical Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-be91311c35c246a3a5213df7613ee9752025-01-24T04:44:44ZengElsevierSouth African Journal of Chemical Engineering1026-91852025-04-01528096Comparison of column adsorption processes by downflow and upflow for removal of cupric (Cu2+) ion solutions using non activated and activated charcoal from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) stemsBode Haryanto0Sofyan Efendi Saragih1Hamidah Harahap2Tubagus Rayyan Fitra Sinuhaji3Vikram Alexander4Corresponding author.; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, IndonesiaThe escalating environmental threat of heavy metal pollution particularly copper ions emphasizes the importance of wastewater treatment methods. A practical approach is adsorption using plant biomass. This study used column adsorption by comparing the downflow and upflow processes to remove cupric (Cu2+) ion from solution by adsorbent from rambutan stems charcoal that not activated and activated using nitric acid. The adsorbent size was 50 mesh, 70 mesh, and 100 mesh, the feed flow rates was 5 mL/min and 10 mL/min, initial concentrations of Cu2+ ion was 50 mg/L and 150 mg/L. The Cu2+ ion solution was pumped by upflow and downflow after the activated rambutan stem charcoal was inserted into the column. Fourier Transform Infra-Red carried out for analysis the functional group of the adsorbent before and after the activation. Changes in pore structure and chemical composition were verified by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis. The modelling with breakthrough curve and modeling of Bohart-Adam model, Yoon-Nelson model and Thomas model are determined to fit the both column adsorption processes. Based on the results, the highest removal efficiency was 82.71 % obtained at Cu2+ ion concentration of 50 mg/L by upflow adsorption at flow rate of 5 mL/min using 100 mesh of activated charcoal of rambutan stem achieved of 2.87 min loading time. The result of this study describe the increase in removal efficiency occurred at lower Cu2+ ion concentrations with lower flow rate while using of larger adsorbent size. Longer loading times achieved at the increasing of Cu2+ ion concentration, decreasing of flow rate, and increasing of adsorbent size led to. Compared to downflow adsorption, upflow adsorption has a longer loading time. The breakthrough curve has ''S'' shaped profile for both upflow and downflow adsorption. However, the upflow adsorption breakthrough curve is more reliable as well as other modeling fittings showed higher coefficient of determination than the downflow.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918525000058Column adsorptionRambutan stem charcoalCupric ionRemoval efficiencyUpflow |
| spellingShingle | Bode Haryanto Sofyan Efendi Saragih Hamidah Harahap Tubagus Rayyan Fitra Sinuhaji Vikram Alexander Comparison of column adsorption processes by downflow and upflow for removal of cupric (Cu2+) ion solutions using non activated and activated charcoal from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) stems South African Journal of Chemical Engineering Column adsorption Rambutan stem charcoal Cupric ion Removal efficiency Upflow |
| title | Comparison of column adsorption processes by downflow and upflow for removal of cupric (Cu2+) ion solutions using non activated and activated charcoal from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) stems |
| title_full | Comparison of column adsorption processes by downflow and upflow for removal of cupric (Cu2+) ion solutions using non activated and activated charcoal from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) stems |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of column adsorption processes by downflow and upflow for removal of cupric (Cu2+) ion solutions using non activated and activated charcoal from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) stems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of column adsorption processes by downflow and upflow for removal of cupric (Cu2+) ion solutions using non activated and activated charcoal from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) stems |
| title_short | Comparison of column adsorption processes by downflow and upflow for removal of cupric (Cu2+) ion solutions using non activated and activated charcoal from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) stems |
| title_sort | comparison of column adsorption processes by downflow and upflow for removal of cupric cu2 ion solutions using non activated and activated charcoal from rambutan nephelium lappaceum l stems |
| topic | Column adsorption Rambutan stem charcoal Cupric ion Removal efficiency Upflow |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1026918525000058 |
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