Soil Bacterial Community Characteristics and Functional Analysis of Estuarine Wetlands and Nearshore Estuarine Wetlands in Qinghai Lake

Qinghai Lake, the largest inland saline lake in China, plays a vital role in wetland carbon cycling. However, the structure and function of soil bacterial communities in its estuarine and nearshore estuarine wetlands remain unclear. This study examined the effects of wetland type and soil depth on b...

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Main Authors: Wei Ji, Zhiyun Zhou, Jianpeng Yang, Ni Zhang, Ziwei Yang, Kelong Chen, Yangong Du
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/759
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author Wei Ji
Zhiyun Zhou
Jianpeng Yang
Ni Zhang
Ziwei Yang
Kelong Chen
Yangong Du
author_facet Wei Ji
Zhiyun Zhou
Jianpeng Yang
Ni Zhang
Ziwei Yang
Kelong Chen
Yangong Du
author_sort Wei Ji
collection DOAJ
description Qinghai Lake, the largest inland saline lake in China, plays a vital role in wetland carbon cycling. However, the structure and function of soil bacterial communities in its estuarine and nearshore estuarine wetlands remain unclear. This study examined the effects of wetland type and soil depth on bacterial diversity, community composition, and functional potential in the Shaliu, Heima, and Daotang River wetlands using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that wetland type and soil depth significantly influenced bacterial communities. Nearshore wetlands exhibited lower bacterial diversity in the 0–10 cm layer, while deeper soils (10–20 cm) showed greater regional differentiation. Estuarine wetlands were enriched with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, whereas nearshore wetlands were dominated by Actinobacteriota and Cyanobacteria. Functionally, estuarine wetlands had higher sulfate reduction and anaerobic decomposition potential, with Desulfovibrio, Desulfobacter, and Desulfotomaculum regulating sulfur cycling and carbon decomposition. In contrast, nearshore wetlands showed greater nitrogen fixation and organic matter degradation, facilitated by Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Clostridium, and nitrogen-fixing Cyanobacteria (e.g., Anabaena, Nostoc). Microbial metabolic functions varied by depth: surface soils (0–10 cm) favored environmental adaptation and organic degradation, whereas deeper soils (10–20 cm) exhibited lipid metabolism and DNA repair strategies for low-oxygen adaptation. These findings highlight the spatial heterogeneity of bacterial communities and their role in biogeochemical cycles, providing insights into wetland carbon dynamics and informing conservation strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-be8d788a91fb40a2a11d80fd447743882025-08-20T02:18:20ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-03-0113475910.3390/microorganisms13040759Soil Bacterial Community Characteristics and Functional Analysis of Estuarine Wetlands and Nearshore Estuarine Wetlands in Qinghai LakeWei Ji0Zhiyun Zhou1Jianpeng Yang2Ni Zhang3Ziwei Yang4Kelong Chen5Yangong Du6Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, ChinaQinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, ChinaQinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, ChinaQinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, ChinaQinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, ChinaQinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, ChinaQinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, ChinaQinghai Lake, the largest inland saline lake in China, plays a vital role in wetland carbon cycling. However, the structure and function of soil bacterial communities in its estuarine and nearshore estuarine wetlands remain unclear. This study examined the effects of wetland type and soil depth on bacterial diversity, community composition, and functional potential in the Shaliu, Heima, and Daotang River wetlands using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that wetland type and soil depth significantly influenced bacterial communities. Nearshore wetlands exhibited lower bacterial diversity in the 0–10 cm layer, while deeper soils (10–20 cm) showed greater regional differentiation. Estuarine wetlands were enriched with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, whereas nearshore wetlands were dominated by Actinobacteriota and Cyanobacteria. Functionally, estuarine wetlands had higher sulfate reduction and anaerobic decomposition potential, with Desulfovibrio, Desulfobacter, and Desulfotomaculum regulating sulfur cycling and carbon decomposition. In contrast, nearshore wetlands showed greater nitrogen fixation and organic matter degradation, facilitated by Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Clostridium, and nitrogen-fixing Cyanobacteria (e.g., Anabaena, Nostoc). Microbial metabolic functions varied by depth: surface soils (0–10 cm) favored environmental adaptation and organic degradation, whereas deeper soils (10–20 cm) exhibited lipid metabolism and DNA repair strategies for low-oxygen adaptation. These findings highlight the spatial heterogeneity of bacterial communities and their role in biogeochemical cycles, providing insights into wetland carbon dynamics and informing conservation strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/759Qinghai Lake basinestuarine wetlandsnearshore estuarine wetlandsbacterial communityfunctional analysis
spellingShingle Wei Ji
Zhiyun Zhou
Jianpeng Yang
Ni Zhang
Ziwei Yang
Kelong Chen
Yangong Du
Soil Bacterial Community Characteristics and Functional Analysis of Estuarine Wetlands and Nearshore Estuarine Wetlands in Qinghai Lake
Microorganisms
Qinghai Lake basin
estuarine wetlands
nearshore estuarine wetlands
bacterial community
functional analysis
title Soil Bacterial Community Characteristics and Functional Analysis of Estuarine Wetlands and Nearshore Estuarine Wetlands in Qinghai Lake
title_full Soil Bacterial Community Characteristics and Functional Analysis of Estuarine Wetlands and Nearshore Estuarine Wetlands in Qinghai Lake
title_fullStr Soil Bacterial Community Characteristics and Functional Analysis of Estuarine Wetlands and Nearshore Estuarine Wetlands in Qinghai Lake
title_full_unstemmed Soil Bacterial Community Characteristics and Functional Analysis of Estuarine Wetlands and Nearshore Estuarine Wetlands in Qinghai Lake
title_short Soil Bacterial Community Characteristics and Functional Analysis of Estuarine Wetlands and Nearshore Estuarine Wetlands in Qinghai Lake
title_sort soil bacterial community characteristics and functional analysis of estuarine wetlands and nearshore estuarine wetlands in qinghai lake
topic Qinghai Lake basin
estuarine wetlands
nearshore estuarine wetlands
bacterial community
functional analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/759
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