Mapping the Literature Trends of Internal Auditing in the United States: A Systematic Review and Directions for Future Research

This review study examines the existing literature on internal audit (IA) in the United States to identify how internal audit functions (IAFs) have evolved in response to global shifts in business practices. Despite growing attention to IA, the literature remains fragmented, limiting a comprehensive...

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Main Authors: Saddam A. Hazaea, Chun Cai, Ebrahim Mohammed Al-Matari, Mohammed A. Al-Bukhrani, H. Gin Chong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-02-01
Series:SAGE Open
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251318071
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author Saddam A. Hazaea
Chun Cai
Ebrahim Mohammed Al-Matari
Mohammed A. Al-Bukhrani
H. Gin Chong
author_facet Saddam A. Hazaea
Chun Cai
Ebrahim Mohammed Al-Matari
Mohammed A. Al-Bukhrani
H. Gin Chong
author_sort Saddam A. Hazaea
collection DOAJ
description This review study examines the existing literature on internal audit (IA) in the United States to identify how internal audit functions (IAFs) have evolved in response to global shifts in business practices. Despite growing attention to IA, the literature remains fragmented, limiting a comprehensive understanding of how IA has evolved in response to business practices. Through a systematic review, this study analyzes 171 studies published between 1984 and 2023 retrieved from the Scopus database. This study investigates the characteristics of the literature and topics discussed, focusing on six key aspects: the practice of IA, the role of IA, the quality of IA, information technology (IT) auditing, risk management, and the relationship between IA and other parties. The results reveal a paradigm shift in the activities undertaken by internal auditors and a significant transition in the literature from discussing traditional topics to new topics related to environmental changes, the climate crisis, geopolitical challenges, and technological developments. The results also emphasize the need for more theory-based, empirical, and comparative studies on IA in different contexts and sectors. This paper identifies substantial gaps in IA literature and proposes directions for future research agendas, particularly concerning the influence of politics, culture, and the effects of COVID-19 on IA practices. These insights provide valuable guidance for IA practitioners, researchers, standard setters, and the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) in refining frameworks and understanding global IA trends.
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spelling doaj-art-be86076c423440129af4092f40bbff9d2025-08-20T03:11:39ZengSAGE PublishingSAGE Open2158-24402025-02-011510.1177/21582440251318071Mapping the Literature Trends of Internal Auditing in the United States: A Systematic Review and Directions for Future ResearchSaddam A. Hazaea0Chun Cai1Ebrahim Mohammed Al-Matari2Mohammed A. Al-Bukhrani3H. Gin Chong4School of Accounting, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaSchool of Accounting, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Accounting, College of Business, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Accounting, Al-Baydha University, YemenDepartment of Accounting, Prairie View A&M University, TX, USAThis review study examines the existing literature on internal audit (IA) in the United States to identify how internal audit functions (IAFs) have evolved in response to global shifts in business practices. Despite growing attention to IA, the literature remains fragmented, limiting a comprehensive understanding of how IA has evolved in response to business practices. Through a systematic review, this study analyzes 171 studies published between 1984 and 2023 retrieved from the Scopus database. This study investigates the characteristics of the literature and topics discussed, focusing on six key aspects: the practice of IA, the role of IA, the quality of IA, information technology (IT) auditing, risk management, and the relationship between IA and other parties. The results reveal a paradigm shift in the activities undertaken by internal auditors and a significant transition in the literature from discussing traditional topics to new topics related to environmental changes, the climate crisis, geopolitical challenges, and technological developments. The results also emphasize the need for more theory-based, empirical, and comparative studies on IA in different contexts and sectors. This paper identifies substantial gaps in IA literature and proposes directions for future research agendas, particularly concerning the influence of politics, culture, and the effects of COVID-19 on IA practices. These insights provide valuable guidance for IA practitioners, researchers, standard setters, and the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) in refining frameworks and understanding global IA trends.https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251318071
spellingShingle Saddam A. Hazaea
Chun Cai
Ebrahim Mohammed Al-Matari
Mohammed A. Al-Bukhrani
H. Gin Chong
Mapping the Literature Trends of Internal Auditing in the United States: A Systematic Review and Directions for Future Research
SAGE Open
title Mapping the Literature Trends of Internal Auditing in the United States: A Systematic Review and Directions for Future Research
title_full Mapping the Literature Trends of Internal Auditing in the United States: A Systematic Review and Directions for Future Research
title_fullStr Mapping the Literature Trends of Internal Auditing in the United States: A Systematic Review and Directions for Future Research
title_full_unstemmed Mapping the Literature Trends of Internal Auditing in the United States: A Systematic Review and Directions for Future Research
title_short Mapping the Literature Trends of Internal Auditing in the United States: A Systematic Review and Directions for Future Research
title_sort mapping the literature trends of internal auditing in the united states a systematic review and directions for future research
url https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251318071
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