Optimizing laser powder bed fusion parameters for enhanced hardness of Ti6Al4V alloys: A comparative analysis of metaheuristic algorithms for process parameter optimization

This study investigates the influence of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processing parameters of high-performance Ti6Al4V components on mechanical properties and microstructural uniformity. Experimental results indicate that lower laser power (200–203 W) and moderate scan speeds (600–604 mm/s) optim...

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Main Authors: Praveenkumar V, Vijaykumar S. Jatti, Saiyathibrahim A, Praveen Kumar D, Murali Krishnan R, Vinaykumar S. Jatti, A. Johnson Santhosh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-04-01
Series:AIP Advances
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0262978
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author Praveenkumar V
Vijaykumar S. Jatti
Saiyathibrahim A
Praveen Kumar D
Murali Krishnan R
Vinaykumar S. Jatti
A. Johnson Santhosh
author_facet Praveenkumar V
Vijaykumar S. Jatti
Saiyathibrahim A
Praveen Kumar D
Murali Krishnan R
Vinaykumar S. Jatti
A. Johnson Santhosh
author_sort Praveenkumar V
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the influence of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processing parameters of high-performance Ti6Al4V components on mechanical properties and microstructural uniformity. Experimental results indicate that lower laser power (200–203 W) and moderate scan speeds (600–604 mm/s) optimize the hardness and the Hatch distance (0.10–0.11 mm) and layer thickness (0.04–0.05 mm) significantly impact hardness, with specific parameter combinations yielding superior results. A comparative assessment of six metaheuristic algorithms, such as the JAYA algorithm, Cohort Intelligence (CI), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Simulated Annealing (SA), was performed for LPBF parameter optimization. JAYA and CI exhibited the fastest convergence, achieving peak fitness values within the first five iterations and demonstrating high stability with minimal oscillations. The results show a significant improvement in hardness, consistently ranging between 560 and 570 HV. JAYA and CI reached comparable maximal hardness measurements at 570 HV, which agreed with the laboratory-reported 428.6 HV value. The HYV values obtained by PSO and TLBO algorithms were competitive at about 569.5 HV yet displayed reduced accuracy in their results. GA and SA showed moderate to slow convergence speed, which led to unreliable precision in their application. JAYA and CI demonstrate better performance through their effective balancing capability of exploitation and exploration processes that enable rapid and stable convergence. Given its simplicity alongside its accuracy and robust performance, the JAYA algorithm proves the most appropriate method for LPBF parameter optimization. Real-time applications benefit from CI as a promising solution.
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spelling doaj-art-be7e86f2ce254e2da807d4f2fb6655732025-08-20T03:11:02ZengAIP Publishing LLCAIP Advances2158-32262025-04-01154045024045024-1910.1063/5.0262978Optimizing laser powder bed fusion parameters for enhanced hardness of Ti6Al4V alloys: A comparative analysis of metaheuristic algorithms for process parameter optimizationPraveenkumar V0Vijaykumar S. Jatti1Saiyathibrahim A2Praveen Kumar D3Murali Krishnan R4Vinaykumar S. Jatti5A. Johnson Santhosh6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaUniversity Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Park College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, IndiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaThis study investigates the influence of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processing parameters of high-performance Ti6Al4V components on mechanical properties and microstructural uniformity. Experimental results indicate that lower laser power (200–203 W) and moderate scan speeds (600–604 mm/s) optimize the hardness and the Hatch distance (0.10–0.11 mm) and layer thickness (0.04–0.05 mm) significantly impact hardness, with specific parameter combinations yielding superior results. A comparative assessment of six metaheuristic algorithms, such as the JAYA algorithm, Cohort Intelligence (CI), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Simulated Annealing (SA), was performed for LPBF parameter optimization. JAYA and CI exhibited the fastest convergence, achieving peak fitness values within the first five iterations and demonstrating high stability with minimal oscillations. The results show a significant improvement in hardness, consistently ranging between 560 and 570 HV. JAYA and CI reached comparable maximal hardness measurements at 570 HV, which agreed with the laboratory-reported 428.6 HV value. The HYV values obtained by PSO and TLBO algorithms were competitive at about 569.5 HV yet displayed reduced accuracy in their results. GA and SA showed moderate to slow convergence speed, which led to unreliable precision in their application. JAYA and CI demonstrate better performance through their effective balancing capability of exploitation and exploration processes that enable rapid and stable convergence. Given its simplicity alongside its accuracy and robust performance, the JAYA algorithm proves the most appropriate method for LPBF parameter optimization. Real-time applications benefit from CI as a promising solution.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0262978
spellingShingle Praveenkumar V
Vijaykumar S. Jatti
Saiyathibrahim A
Praveen Kumar D
Murali Krishnan R
Vinaykumar S. Jatti
A. Johnson Santhosh
Optimizing laser powder bed fusion parameters for enhanced hardness of Ti6Al4V alloys: A comparative analysis of metaheuristic algorithms for process parameter optimization
AIP Advances
title Optimizing laser powder bed fusion parameters for enhanced hardness of Ti6Al4V alloys: A comparative analysis of metaheuristic algorithms for process parameter optimization
title_full Optimizing laser powder bed fusion parameters for enhanced hardness of Ti6Al4V alloys: A comparative analysis of metaheuristic algorithms for process parameter optimization
title_fullStr Optimizing laser powder bed fusion parameters for enhanced hardness of Ti6Al4V alloys: A comparative analysis of metaheuristic algorithms for process parameter optimization
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing laser powder bed fusion parameters for enhanced hardness of Ti6Al4V alloys: A comparative analysis of metaheuristic algorithms for process parameter optimization
title_short Optimizing laser powder bed fusion parameters for enhanced hardness of Ti6Al4V alloys: A comparative analysis of metaheuristic algorithms for process parameter optimization
title_sort optimizing laser powder bed fusion parameters for enhanced hardness of ti6al4v alloys a comparative analysis of metaheuristic algorithms for process parameter optimization
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0262978
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