The State Preparation of Multivariate Normal Distributions using Tree Tensor Network

The quantum state preparation of probability distributions is an important subroutine for many quantum algorithms. When embedding $D$-dimensional multivariate probability distributions by discretizing each dimension into $2^n$ points, we need a state preparation circuit comprising a total of $nD$ qu...

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Main Authors: Hidetaka Manabe, Yuichi Sano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Verein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften 2025-05-01
Series:Quantum
Online Access:https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-05-28-1755/pdf/
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author Hidetaka Manabe
Yuichi Sano
author_facet Hidetaka Manabe
Yuichi Sano
author_sort Hidetaka Manabe
collection DOAJ
description The quantum state preparation of probability distributions is an important subroutine for many quantum algorithms. When embedding $D$-dimensional multivariate probability distributions by discretizing each dimension into $2^n$ points, we need a state preparation circuit comprising a total of $nD$ qubits, which is often difficult to compile. In this study, we propose a scalable method to generate state preparation circuits for $D$-dimensional multivariate normal distributions, utilizing tree tensor networks (TTN). We establish theoretical guarantees that multivariate normal distributions with 1D correlation structures can be efficiently represented using TTN. Based on these analyses, we propose a compilation method that uses automatic structural optimization to find the most efficient network structure and compact circuit. We apply our method to state preparation circuits for various high-dimensional random multivariate normal distributions. The numerical results suggest that our method can dramatically reduce the circuit depth and CNOT count while maintaining fidelity compared to existing approaches.
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issn 2521-327X
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Verein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-be76a4d02aab4962b41419e552eb07592025-08-20T03:12:50ZengVerein zur Förderung des Open Access Publizierens in den QuantenwissenschaftenQuantum2521-327X2025-05-019175510.22331/q-2025-05-28-175510.22331/q-2025-05-28-1755The State Preparation of Multivariate Normal Distributions using Tree Tensor NetworkHidetaka ManabeYuichi SanoThe quantum state preparation of probability distributions is an important subroutine for many quantum algorithms. When embedding $D$-dimensional multivariate probability distributions by discretizing each dimension into $2^n$ points, we need a state preparation circuit comprising a total of $nD$ qubits, which is often difficult to compile. In this study, we propose a scalable method to generate state preparation circuits for $D$-dimensional multivariate normal distributions, utilizing tree tensor networks (TTN). We establish theoretical guarantees that multivariate normal distributions with 1D correlation structures can be efficiently represented using TTN. Based on these analyses, we propose a compilation method that uses automatic structural optimization to find the most efficient network structure and compact circuit. We apply our method to state preparation circuits for various high-dimensional random multivariate normal distributions. The numerical results suggest that our method can dramatically reduce the circuit depth and CNOT count while maintaining fidelity compared to existing approaches.https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-05-28-1755/pdf/
spellingShingle Hidetaka Manabe
Yuichi Sano
The State Preparation of Multivariate Normal Distributions using Tree Tensor Network
Quantum
title The State Preparation of Multivariate Normal Distributions using Tree Tensor Network
title_full The State Preparation of Multivariate Normal Distributions using Tree Tensor Network
title_fullStr The State Preparation of Multivariate Normal Distributions using Tree Tensor Network
title_full_unstemmed The State Preparation of Multivariate Normal Distributions using Tree Tensor Network
title_short The State Preparation of Multivariate Normal Distributions using Tree Tensor Network
title_sort state preparation of multivariate normal distributions using tree tensor network
url https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2025-05-28-1755/pdf/
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