Tracks of travel: unveiling tire particle concentrations in Swiss cantonal road soils

Abstract Tire wear particles (TWP) originating from tire abrasion on roads are a major source of microplastics to the environment. Together with associated pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace metals, TWP are emitted to roadside soils in the immediate vicinity of road networks....

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Main Authors: Dominika Kundel, Andrea Wiget, Andreas Fliessbach, Moritz Bigalke, Collin J. Weber
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-03-01
Series:Microplastics and Nanoplastics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-025-00112-1
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author Dominika Kundel
Andrea Wiget
Andreas Fliessbach
Moritz Bigalke
Collin J. Weber
author_facet Dominika Kundel
Andrea Wiget
Andreas Fliessbach
Moritz Bigalke
Collin J. Weber
author_sort Dominika Kundel
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tire wear particles (TWP) originating from tire abrasion on roads are a major source of microplastics to the environment. Together with associated pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace metals, TWP are emitted to roadside soils in the immediate vicinity of road networks. Our study aimed at quantifying TWP number and mass concentrations and investigating particle features in low-traffic roadside soils using a novel particle-based analytical approach. On the example of fifteen Swiss cantonal roadside soils, with average daily traffic volumes of 2,290 vehicles per day− 1, we sampled composite samples from distances of 1, 2, 5 and 10 m to the roadside. TWP were extracted via density separation and wet-chemical sample purification. TWP analysis was performed using microscope images and trainable Weka segmentation image analysis. Furthermore, associated road pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzop[a]pyrene and trace metals were analysed using TQ GC-MS/MS and ICP-MS. We found average concentrations of 111,000 TWP per kg soil dry weight (TWP kg− 1) highest values reaching 615,000 TWP kg− 1 and mean TWP masses of 52.7 ± 83.2 mg TWP kg− 1. TWP had a minimal Feret diameter of 62.8 ± 45.6 μm on average and showed mean circularity values of 0.7 ± 0.2, resulting in elliptic particle morphology. TWP concentrations and sizes decreased with increasing distance from the road. Positive relationships were found between TWP numbers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzop[a]pyrene and zinc concentrations in roadside soils. However, a moderate relationship to speed limits was identified. We were able to demonstrate that even in low-traffic areas, roadside soils act as an environmental sink for high concentrations of TWPs and associated pollutants and that spatial distribution and the spread of TWP to soils strongly dependent on the distance to the road.
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spelling doaj-art-be6fdce594df470ba69dedb17021d4d22025-08-20T02:05:45ZengSpringerOpenMicroplastics and Nanoplastics2662-49662025-03-015111310.1186/s43591-025-00112-1Tracks of travel: unveiling tire particle concentrations in Swiss cantonal road soilsDominika Kundel0Andrea Wiget1Andreas Fliessbach2Moritz Bigalke3Collin J. Weber4FiBL Switzerland, Department of Soil SciencesFiBL Switzerland, Department of Soil SciencesFiBL Switzerland, Department of Soil SciencesInstitute of Applied Geosciences, Department of Soil Mineralogy and Soil ChemistryInstitute of Applied Geosciences, Department of Soil Mineralogy and Soil ChemistryAbstract Tire wear particles (TWP) originating from tire abrasion on roads are a major source of microplastics to the environment. Together with associated pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and trace metals, TWP are emitted to roadside soils in the immediate vicinity of road networks. Our study aimed at quantifying TWP number and mass concentrations and investigating particle features in low-traffic roadside soils using a novel particle-based analytical approach. On the example of fifteen Swiss cantonal roadside soils, with average daily traffic volumes of 2,290 vehicles per day− 1, we sampled composite samples from distances of 1, 2, 5 and 10 m to the roadside. TWP were extracted via density separation and wet-chemical sample purification. TWP analysis was performed using microscope images and trainable Weka segmentation image analysis. Furthermore, associated road pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzop[a]pyrene and trace metals were analysed using TQ GC-MS/MS and ICP-MS. We found average concentrations of 111,000 TWP per kg soil dry weight (TWP kg− 1) highest values reaching 615,000 TWP kg− 1 and mean TWP masses of 52.7 ± 83.2 mg TWP kg− 1. TWP had a minimal Feret diameter of 62.8 ± 45.6 μm on average and showed mean circularity values of 0.7 ± 0.2, resulting in elliptic particle morphology. TWP concentrations and sizes decreased with increasing distance from the road. Positive relationships were found between TWP numbers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzop[a]pyrene and zinc concentrations in roadside soils. However, a moderate relationship to speed limits was identified. We were able to demonstrate that even in low-traffic areas, roadside soils act as an environmental sink for high concentrations of TWPs and associated pollutants and that spatial distribution and the spread of TWP to soils strongly dependent on the distance to the road.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-025-00112-1Tire wear particlesImage analysisOrganic compoundsTrace metalsTraffic
spellingShingle Dominika Kundel
Andrea Wiget
Andreas Fliessbach
Moritz Bigalke
Collin J. Weber
Tracks of travel: unveiling tire particle concentrations in Swiss cantonal road soils
Microplastics and Nanoplastics
Tire wear particles
Image analysis
Organic compounds
Trace metals
Traffic
title Tracks of travel: unveiling tire particle concentrations in Swiss cantonal road soils
title_full Tracks of travel: unveiling tire particle concentrations in Swiss cantonal road soils
title_fullStr Tracks of travel: unveiling tire particle concentrations in Swiss cantonal road soils
title_full_unstemmed Tracks of travel: unveiling tire particle concentrations in Swiss cantonal road soils
title_short Tracks of travel: unveiling tire particle concentrations in Swiss cantonal road soils
title_sort tracks of travel unveiling tire particle concentrations in swiss cantonal road soils
topic Tire wear particles
Image analysis
Organic compounds
Trace metals
Traffic
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-025-00112-1
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AT andreasfliessbach tracksoftravelunveilingtireparticleconcentrationsinswisscantonalroadsoils
AT moritzbigalke tracksoftravelunveilingtireparticleconcentrationsinswisscantonalroadsoils
AT collinjweber tracksoftravelunveilingtireparticleconcentrationsinswisscantonalroadsoils