Exosomes and immune modulation: implications for neuroblastoma immunotherapy
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles involved in cell homeostasis. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) promote tumor progression by creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), inhibiting T and NK cell activity, preventing dendritic cell maturation, and expanding immunosuppressive...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1600062/full |
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| author | Martina Morini Chiara Vitale Martina Ardito Alessandra Dondero Katia Cortese Cristina Bottino Cristina Bottino Roberta Castriconi Roberta Castriconi |
| author_facet | Martina Morini Chiara Vitale Martina Ardito Alessandra Dondero Katia Cortese Cristina Bottino Cristina Bottino Roberta Castriconi Roberta Castriconi |
| author_sort | Martina Morini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles involved in cell homeostasis. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) promote tumor progression by creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), inhibiting T and NK cell activity, preventing dendritic cell maturation, and expanding immunosuppressive cell populations. Cancer Stem Cell (CSC)-derived exosomes further trigger functional changes in immune cells subsets, enhancing immune suppression. Consequently, blocking the release or the uptake of TDEs significantly impact immunotherapy efficacy, making them potential therapeutic targets. On the other hand, NK cell-derived exosomes can be engineered to carry immune-activating molecules or inhibitors of immune checkpoint molecules to elicit immune responses. This review highlights the interplay between TDEs and immune cells, particularly NK cells, in different tumors, with a focus on neuroblastoma, and explores exosome-based strategies to improve immunotherapy efficacy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-be6b71b7adc84a2cb4a994b9864dbd4b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-be6b71b7adc84a2cb4a994b9864dbd4b2025-08-20T03:48:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-05-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16000621600062Exosomes and immune modulation: implications for neuroblastoma immunotherapyMartina Morini0Chiara Vitale1Martina Ardito2Alessandra Dondero3Katia Cortese4Cristina Bottino5Cristina Bottino6Roberta Castriconi7Roberta Castriconi8Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyLaboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, ItalyExosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles involved in cell homeostasis. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) promote tumor progression by creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), inhibiting T and NK cell activity, preventing dendritic cell maturation, and expanding immunosuppressive cell populations. Cancer Stem Cell (CSC)-derived exosomes further trigger functional changes in immune cells subsets, enhancing immune suppression. Consequently, blocking the release or the uptake of TDEs significantly impact immunotherapy efficacy, making them potential therapeutic targets. On the other hand, NK cell-derived exosomes can be engineered to carry immune-activating molecules or inhibitors of immune checkpoint molecules to elicit immune responses. This review highlights the interplay between TDEs and immune cells, particularly NK cells, in different tumors, with a focus on neuroblastoma, and explores exosome-based strategies to improve immunotherapy efficacy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1600062/fullexosomesimmunotherapytumor microenvironmentneuroblastomaNK cellscancer stem cells |
| spellingShingle | Martina Morini Chiara Vitale Martina Ardito Alessandra Dondero Katia Cortese Cristina Bottino Cristina Bottino Roberta Castriconi Roberta Castriconi Exosomes and immune modulation: implications for neuroblastoma immunotherapy Frontiers in Immunology exosomes immunotherapy tumor microenvironment neuroblastoma NK cells cancer stem cells |
| title | Exosomes and immune modulation: implications for neuroblastoma immunotherapy |
| title_full | Exosomes and immune modulation: implications for neuroblastoma immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | Exosomes and immune modulation: implications for neuroblastoma immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exosomes and immune modulation: implications for neuroblastoma immunotherapy |
| title_short | Exosomes and immune modulation: implications for neuroblastoma immunotherapy |
| title_sort | exosomes and immune modulation implications for neuroblastoma immunotherapy |
| topic | exosomes immunotherapy tumor microenvironment neuroblastoma NK cells cancer stem cells |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1600062/full |
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