Incidence and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in selected public hospitals, North Shoa zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: multi-center retrospective follow-up study

BackgroundBirth weight of less than 2,500 g is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Various studies in developed and developing countries examine the prevalence and associated factors. However, little is known about low birth weight neonatal incidence and predictors of Mortality in...

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Main Authors: Leweyehu Alemaw Mengstie, Mohammed Tessema Gebeyehu, Wegayehu Zeneb Teklehaimanot, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Tirusew Nigussie Kebede, Worku Abemie, Bekahegn Girma
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1524966/full
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author Leweyehu Alemaw Mengstie
Mohammed Tessema Gebeyehu
Wegayehu Zeneb Teklehaimanot
Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw
Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw
Tirusew Nigussie Kebede
Worku Abemie
Bekahegn Girma
author_facet Leweyehu Alemaw Mengstie
Mohammed Tessema Gebeyehu
Wegayehu Zeneb Teklehaimanot
Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw
Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw
Tirusew Nigussie Kebede
Worku Abemie
Bekahegn Girma
author_sort Leweyehu Alemaw Mengstie
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundBirth weight of less than 2,500 g is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Various studies in developed and developing countries examine the prevalence and associated factors. However, little is known about low birth weight neonatal incidence and predictors of Mortality in Ethiopia.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at a public hospital, in Northeast, Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsAn institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 416 low-birth-weight neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2019 to December 30, 2021. Epi-data version 3.1 was used for data entry and Stata14 software for analysis. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve and the Log-rank test were used to estimate the cumulative survival time and compare the probability of survival time among variables. Multi-variable and bi-variable Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify predictor variables.ResultsOut of 416 Low birth weight neonates, 107 (25.72%) (95% CI: 21.51, 29.93) of them died. The overall incidence rate of mortality was 42.83 per 1,000 (95% CI: 35.34, 51.77) with 2,498 person-days of observation. Twin pregnancy [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 1.7 (95% CI: 1.42, 3.29)], Sepsis (AHR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.32), respiratory distress syndrome (AHR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.68), maternal history of HIV (AHR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.54, 3.42), maternal DM (AHR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.70, 3.87) and preeclampsia (AHR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.73) were found to be significant predictors of low birth weight (LBW) neonatal mortality.ConclusionThe incidence rate of low birth weight neonatal mortality was high and continues as a public health issue. Therefore, special attention should be given to those identified predictors of mortality, and different measures should be implemented to prevent premature birth in the high-risk population by improving prenatal care.
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spelling doaj-art-be65108c5ef64eefa356d91dd3fa743d2025-08-20T03:10:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602025-06-011310.3389/fped.2025.15249661524966Incidence and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in selected public hospitals, North Shoa zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: multi-center retrospective follow-up studyLeweyehu Alemaw Mengstie0Mohammed Tessema Gebeyehu1Wegayehu Zeneb Teklehaimanot2Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw3Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw4Tirusew Nigussie Kebede5Worku Abemie6Bekahegn Girma7School of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaUniversity of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, AustraliaSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Sciences Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaBackgroundBirth weight of less than 2,500 g is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Various studies in developed and developing countries examine the prevalence and associated factors. However, little is known about low birth weight neonatal incidence and predictors of Mortality in Ethiopia.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at a public hospital, in Northeast, Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsAn institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 416 low-birth-weight neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2019 to December 30, 2021. Epi-data version 3.1 was used for data entry and Stata14 software for analysis. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve and the Log-rank test were used to estimate the cumulative survival time and compare the probability of survival time among variables. Multi-variable and bi-variable Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify predictor variables.ResultsOut of 416 Low birth weight neonates, 107 (25.72%) (95% CI: 21.51, 29.93) of them died. The overall incidence rate of mortality was 42.83 per 1,000 (95% CI: 35.34, 51.77) with 2,498 person-days of observation. Twin pregnancy [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 1.7 (95% CI: 1.42, 3.29)], Sepsis (AHR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.32), respiratory distress syndrome (AHR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.68), maternal history of HIV (AHR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.54, 3.42), maternal DM (AHR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.70, 3.87) and preeclampsia (AHR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.73) were found to be significant predictors of low birth weight (LBW) neonatal mortality.ConclusionThe incidence rate of low birth weight neonatal mortality was high and continues as a public health issue. Therefore, special attention should be given to those identified predictors of mortality, and different measures should be implemented to prevent premature birth in the high-risk population by improving prenatal care.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1524966/fulllow birth weightincidencesurvival statuspredictorsEthiopia
spellingShingle Leweyehu Alemaw Mengstie
Mohammed Tessema Gebeyehu
Wegayehu Zeneb Teklehaimanot
Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw
Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw
Tirusew Nigussie Kebede
Worku Abemie
Bekahegn Girma
Incidence and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in selected public hospitals, North Shoa zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: multi-center retrospective follow-up study
Frontiers in Pediatrics
low birth weight
incidence
survival status
predictors
Ethiopia
title Incidence and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in selected public hospitals, North Shoa zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: multi-center retrospective follow-up study
title_full Incidence and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in selected public hospitals, North Shoa zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: multi-center retrospective follow-up study
title_fullStr Incidence and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in selected public hospitals, North Shoa zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: multi-center retrospective follow-up study
title_full_unstemmed Incidence and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in selected public hospitals, North Shoa zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: multi-center retrospective follow-up study
title_short Incidence and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in selected public hospitals, North Shoa zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: multi-center retrospective follow-up study
title_sort incidence and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in selected public hospitals north shoa zone amhara region ethiopia multi center retrospective follow up study
topic low birth weight
incidence
survival status
predictors
Ethiopia
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1524966/full
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