Secondary Metabolite-Induced Osmo-Protection and Host Antioxidant Systems in Banana in Waterlogged Sodic Soils

Banana is a commercially important crop widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, but its cultivation in the canal command basins is challenged due to the development of waterlogged sodic soils. The present study aimed to induce sodicity tolerance through the integration of secondary me...

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Main Authors: Damodaran Thukkaram, Muthukumar Manoharan, Prasenjit Debnath, Sangeeta Kumari, Sandeep Kumar, Maneesh Mishra, Sunil Kumar Jha, Chhedi L. Verma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Horticulturae
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/4/416
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author Damodaran Thukkaram
Muthukumar Manoharan
Prasenjit Debnath
Sangeeta Kumari
Sandeep Kumar
Maneesh Mishra
Sunil Kumar Jha
Chhedi L. Verma
author_facet Damodaran Thukkaram
Muthukumar Manoharan
Prasenjit Debnath
Sangeeta Kumari
Sandeep Kumar
Maneesh Mishra
Sunil Kumar Jha
Chhedi L. Verma
author_sort Damodaran Thukkaram
collection DOAJ
description Banana is a commercially important crop widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, but its cultivation in the canal command basins is challenged due to the development of waterlogged sodic soils. The present study aimed to induce sodicity tolerance through the integration of secondary metabolites in the plants during the tissue culture organogenesis phase. Secondary-metabolite-treated plants were assessed for their performance in the waterlogged sodic soil areas of Samesee block in Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Metabolite-treated (MT) plants exhibited significantly better growth and yield compared to untreated control (UTC) plants. Key physiological enhancements in MT plants included increased activities of defense-related enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and proline along with a reduced Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio. The metabolic profile of MT plants showed higher expression of antioxidants, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. MT plants exhibited production of the metabolites such as trihydroxy methylene–di-oxyflavone, rush flavanone, rutin, anthocyanins, neodiosmin, arachidonic acid, and trigalloyl-HHDP-glucose, which belongs to the subclasses of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and sugar alcohols. Consequently, MT plants produced a significantly higher yield (20.85 kg per plant) compared to UTC plants (8.35 kg) and greater biomass. These results suggest that treatments using secondary metabolite extracted from salt-tolerant bacteria can be used as an effective strategy for enhancing sodicity tolerance in banana plants, contributing to sustainable production and economic viability in waterlogged sodic soil conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-be600109aeea40b1acefaae16be43e262025-08-20T02:18:05ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-04-0111441610.3390/horticulturae11040416Secondary Metabolite-Induced Osmo-Protection and Host Antioxidant Systems in Banana in Waterlogged Sodic SoilsDamodaran Thukkaram0Muthukumar Manoharan1Prasenjit Debnath2Sangeeta Kumari3Sandeep Kumar4Maneesh Mishra5Sunil Kumar Jha6Chhedi L. Verma7ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, IndiaICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, IndiaICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, IndiaICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, IndiaICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, IndiaICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226101, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow 226002, IndiaICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow 226002, IndiaBanana is a commercially important crop widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, but its cultivation in the canal command basins is challenged due to the development of waterlogged sodic soils. The present study aimed to induce sodicity tolerance through the integration of secondary metabolites in the plants during the tissue culture organogenesis phase. Secondary-metabolite-treated plants were assessed for their performance in the waterlogged sodic soil areas of Samesee block in Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Metabolite-treated (MT) plants exhibited significantly better growth and yield compared to untreated control (UTC) plants. Key physiological enhancements in MT plants included increased activities of defense-related enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and proline along with a reduced Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio. The metabolic profile of MT plants showed higher expression of antioxidants, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. MT plants exhibited production of the metabolites such as trihydroxy methylene–di-oxyflavone, rush flavanone, rutin, anthocyanins, neodiosmin, arachidonic acid, and trigalloyl-HHDP-glucose, which belongs to the subclasses of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and sugar alcohols. Consequently, MT plants produced a significantly higher yield (20.85 kg per plant) compared to UTC plants (8.35 kg) and greater biomass. These results suggest that treatments using secondary metabolite extracted from salt-tolerant bacteria can be used as an effective strategy for enhancing sodicity tolerance in banana plants, contributing to sustainable production and economic viability in waterlogged sodic soil conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/4/416waterlogged sodic soilssecondary metaboliteshost toleranceeconomic yieldbananaanthocyanins
spellingShingle Damodaran Thukkaram
Muthukumar Manoharan
Prasenjit Debnath
Sangeeta Kumari
Sandeep Kumar
Maneesh Mishra
Sunil Kumar Jha
Chhedi L. Verma
Secondary Metabolite-Induced Osmo-Protection and Host Antioxidant Systems in Banana in Waterlogged Sodic Soils
Horticulturae
waterlogged sodic soils
secondary metabolites
host tolerance
economic yield
banana
anthocyanins
title Secondary Metabolite-Induced Osmo-Protection and Host Antioxidant Systems in Banana in Waterlogged Sodic Soils
title_full Secondary Metabolite-Induced Osmo-Protection and Host Antioxidant Systems in Banana in Waterlogged Sodic Soils
title_fullStr Secondary Metabolite-Induced Osmo-Protection and Host Antioxidant Systems in Banana in Waterlogged Sodic Soils
title_full_unstemmed Secondary Metabolite-Induced Osmo-Protection and Host Antioxidant Systems in Banana in Waterlogged Sodic Soils
title_short Secondary Metabolite-Induced Osmo-Protection and Host Antioxidant Systems in Banana in Waterlogged Sodic Soils
title_sort secondary metabolite induced osmo protection and host antioxidant systems in banana in waterlogged sodic soils
topic waterlogged sodic soils
secondary metabolites
host tolerance
economic yield
banana
anthocyanins
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/4/416
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