Ant responses in a lycaenid–ant symbiosis are not facilitated by cuticular compounds alone
Initiating partnerships in protective symbioses can be asymmetrical if there is a risk of attack from their symbionts. Myrmecophiles may encounter chemically mediated recognition systems that allow the host ants to distinguish nestmates from natural enemies, including non-nestmate conspecifics. The...
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The Royal Society
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
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| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241320 |
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| author | Dany S. Zemeitat Marianne Coquilleau Naomi E. Pierce Mark A. Elgar |
| author_facet | Dany S. Zemeitat Marianne Coquilleau Naomi E. Pierce Mark A. Elgar |
| author_sort | Dany S. Zemeitat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Initiating partnerships in protective symbioses can be asymmetrical if there is a risk of attack from their symbionts. Myrmecophiles may encounter chemically mediated recognition systems that allow the host ants to distinguish nestmates from natural enemies, including non-nestmate conspecifics. The immature stages of the lycaenid butterfly Jalmenus evagoras form an obligate symbiosis with workers of Iridomyrmex mayri that protect them against natural enemies. However, the first instar larvae cannot anticipate this colony-specific chemical recognition system, since they are unlikely to encounter workers from the same colony that tended their mother. We show experimentally that workers of I. mayri can use chemical signals alone to distinguish between conspecifics and the larvae of J. evagoras; between nestmate and non-nestmate conspecifics and between larvae tended by nestmate and non-nestmate conspecifics. Nevertheless, we also show experimentally that while workers paid more attention to fourth than second instar larvae, they did not respond more aggressively to larvae that had been tended by non-nestmate versus nestmate workers. These data suggest that workers pay attention to other signals, perhaps via tactile, visual or vibratory sensory modalities, thereby allowing the butterfly myrmecophiles to mitigate the risks associated with the chemically mediated colony-specific recognition systems of their ant hosts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-be5c2ff743b34a07b808ff68b7130a15 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-be5c2ff743b34a07b808ff68b7130a152025-08-20T02:57:19ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-05-0112510.1098/rsos.241320Ant responses in a lycaenid–ant symbiosis are not facilitated by cuticular compounds aloneDany S. Zemeitat0Marianne Coquilleau1Naomi E. Pierce2Mark A. Elgar3BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaBioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USABioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaInitiating partnerships in protective symbioses can be asymmetrical if there is a risk of attack from their symbionts. Myrmecophiles may encounter chemically mediated recognition systems that allow the host ants to distinguish nestmates from natural enemies, including non-nestmate conspecifics. The immature stages of the lycaenid butterfly Jalmenus evagoras form an obligate symbiosis with workers of Iridomyrmex mayri that protect them against natural enemies. However, the first instar larvae cannot anticipate this colony-specific chemical recognition system, since they are unlikely to encounter workers from the same colony that tended their mother. We show experimentally that workers of I. mayri can use chemical signals alone to distinguish between conspecifics and the larvae of J. evagoras; between nestmate and non-nestmate conspecifics and between larvae tended by nestmate and non-nestmate conspecifics. Nevertheless, we also show experimentally that while workers paid more attention to fourth than second instar larvae, they did not respond more aggressively to larvae that had been tended by non-nestmate versus nestmate workers. These data suggest that workers pay attention to other signals, perhaps via tactile, visual or vibratory sensory modalities, thereby allowing the butterfly myrmecophiles to mitigate the risks associated with the chemically mediated colony-specific recognition systems of their ant hosts.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241320myrmecophilycolony recognitioncooperationantsLycaenidae |
| spellingShingle | Dany S. Zemeitat Marianne Coquilleau Naomi E. Pierce Mark A. Elgar Ant responses in a lycaenid–ant symbiosis are not facilitated by cuticular compounds alone Royal Society Open Science myrmecophily colony recognition cooperation ants Lycaenidae |
| title | Ant responses in a lycaenid–ant symbiosis are not facilitated by cuticular compounds alone |
| title_full | Ant responses in a lycaenid–ant symbiosis are not facilitated by cuticular compounds alone |
| title_fullStr | Ant responses in a lycaenid–ant symbiosis are not facilitated by cuticular compounds alone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ant responses in a lycaenid–ant symbiosis are not facilitated by cuticular compounds alone |
| title_short | Ant responses in a lycaenid–ant symbiosis are not facilitated by cuticular compounds alone |
| title_sort | ant responses in a lycaenid ant symbiosis are not facilitated by cuticular compounds alone |
| topic | myrmecophily colony recognition cooperation ants Lycaenidae |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241320 |
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