Paclitaxel Modulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of THP-1 Cells Exposed to Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus

Introduction: Cancer patients were considered a high-risk group for COVID-19. Studies indicate that certain types of cancer, as breast cancer, may exhibit distinct immunological responses. Evidence suggests that paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of breast cance...

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Main Authors: Everaldo Hertz, Bárbara Osmarin Turra, Nathália Cardoso de Afonso Bonotto, Fernanda dos Santos Trombini, João Arthur Bittencourt Zimmermann, Cibele Ferreira Teixeira, Verônica Farina Azzolin, Ivo Emilio da Cruz Jung, Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz, Fernanda Barbisan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) 2025-05-01
Series:Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia
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Online Access:https://rbc.inca.gov.br/index.php/revista/article/view/5107
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author Everaldo Hertz
Bárbara Osmarin Turra
Nathália Cardoso de Afonso Bonotto
Fernanda dos Santos Trombini
João Arthur Bittencourt Zimmermann
Cibele Ferreira Teixeira
Verônica Farina Azzolin
Ivo Emilio da Cruz Jung
Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
Fernanda Barbisan
author_facet Everaldo Hertz
Bárbara Osmarin Turra
Nathália Cardoso de Afonso Bonotto
Fernanda dos Santos Trombini
João Arthur Bittencourt Zimmermann
Cibele Ferreira Teixeira
Verônica Farina Azzolin
Ivo Emilio da Cruz Jung
Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
Fernanda Barbisan
author_sort Everaldo Hertz
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Cancer patients were considered a high-risk group for COVID-19. Studies indicate that certain types of cancer, as breast cancer, may exhibit distinct immunological responses. Evidence suggests that paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, has immunomodulatory properties, which could contribute to attenuate the inflammatory response caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Objective: To evaluate the effect of PTX on the THP-1 immune cell line activated by non-viral immunogenic agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus derived from the CoronaVac vaccine (CVac). Method: An in vitro study was conducted, initially determining the minimum concentration of CVac required to activate THP-1 cells. Subsequently, the cytotoxic action of PTX on THP-1 cells was investigated, followed by the analysis of the immunomodulatory effect of PTX through the evaluation of cell proliferation rate, cytomorphological differentiation, levels of nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and gene expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 10. Results: In 24-hour, 5% CVac activated THP-1 cells, triggering more significant proliferation and cell differentiation, compared to the control. No cytotoxic effects of PTX were observed. PTX reduced the cell differentiation rate and superoxide levels when co-exposed with TPA or CVac, but did not modulate cytokine gene expression. Conclusion: The data indicate that PTX could modulate in vitro immune activation in response to viral and non-viral immunogenic agents, suggesting that it could attenuate the inflammatory response to antigens, including SARS-CoV-2.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA)
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spelling doaj-art-be5abe500cf1458ca0eff248af4b16b12025-08-20T03:49:41ZengInstituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA)Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia0034-71162176-97452025-05-0171210.32635/2176-9745.RBC.2025v71n2.5107Paclitaxel Modulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of THP-1 Cells Exposed to Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 VirusEveraldo Hertz0Bárbara Osmarin Turra1Nathália Cardoso de Afonso Bonotto2Fernanda dos Santos Trombini3João Arthur Bittencourt Zimmermann4Cibele Ferreira Teixeira5Verônica Farina Azzolin6Ivo Emilio da Cruz Jung7Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz8Fernanda Barbisan9Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Santa Maria (RS), BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Santa Maria (RS), BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Santa Maria (RS), BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Santa Maria (RS), BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Santa Maria (RS), BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Santa Maria (RS), BrasilFundação Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade (FUnATI). Manaus (AM), BrasilFundação Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade (FUnATI). Manaus (AM), BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Santa Maria (RS), BrasilUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Santa Maria (RS), Brasil Introduction: Cancer patients were considered a high-risk group for COVID-19. Studies indicate that certain types of cancer, as breast cancer, may exhibit distinct immunological responses. Evidence suggests that paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, has immunomodulatory properties, which could contribute to attenuate the inflammatory response caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Objective: To evaluate the effect of PTX on the THP-1 immune cell line activated by non-viral immunogenic agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus derived from the CoronaVac vaccine (CVac). Method: An in vitro study was conducted, initially determining the minimum concentration of CVac required to activate THP-1 cells. Subsequently, the cytotoxic action of PTX on THP-1 cells was investigated, followed by the analysis of the immunomodulatory effect of PTX through the evaluation of cell proliferation rate, cytomorphological differentiation, levels of nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and gene expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 10. Results: In 24-hour, 5% CVac activated THP-1 cells, triggering more significant proliferation and cell differentiation, compared to the control. No cytotoxic effects of PTX were observed. PTX reduced the cell differentiation rate and superoxide levels when co-exposed with TPA or CVac, but did not modulate cytokine gene expression. Conclusion: The data indicate that PTX could modulate in vitro immune activation in response to viral and non-viral immunogenic agents, suggesting that it could attenuate the inflammatory response to antigens, including SARS-CoV-2. https://rbc.inca.gov.br/index.php/revista/article/view/5107Breast Cancer/drug therapy PaclitaxelCOVID-19Cytokine Release SyndromeCytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
spellingShingle Everaldo Hertz
Bárbara Osmarin Turra
Nathália Cardoso de Afonso Bonotto
Fernanda dos Santos Trombini
João Arthur Bittencourt Zimmermann
Cibele Ferreira Teixeira
Verônica Farina Azzolin
Ivo Emilio da Cruz Jung
Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
Fernanda Barbisan
Paclitaxel Modulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of THP-1 Cells Exposed to Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia
Breast Cancer/drug therapy
Paclitaxel
COVID-19
Cytokine Release Syndrome
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
title Paclitaxel Modulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of THP-1 Cells Exposed to Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus
title_full Paclitaxel Modulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of THP-1 Cells Exposed to Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus
title_fullStr Paclitaxel Modulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of THP-1 Cells Exposed to Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus
title_full_unstemmed Paclitaxel Modulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of THP-1 Cells Exposed to Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus
title_short Paclitaxel Modulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of THP-1 Cells Exposed to Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus
title_sort paclitaxel modulates the proliferation and differentiation of thp 1 cells exposed to inactivated sars cov 2 virus
topic Breast Cancer/drug therapy
Paclitaxel
COVID-19
Cytokine Release Syndrome
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
url https://rbc.inca.gov.br/index.php/revista/article/view/5107
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