Entanglement model for mode-pairing quantum key distribution

Mode-pairing (MP) quantum key distribution (QKD) eliminates the requirements of phase locking and phase tracking compared with twin field (TF) QKD while still surpassing the fundamental rate-distance limit of QKD. The complexity of the experimental implementation is reduced while the efficiency can...

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Main Authors: Yi-Fei Lu, Yang Wang, Hong-Wei Li, Mu-Sheng Jiang, Xiao-Xu Zhang, Ying-Ying Zhang, Yu Zhou, Xiao-Lei Jiang, Hai-Tao Wang, Yan-Mei Zhao, Chun Zhou, Wan-Su Bao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-04-01
Series:Physical Review Research
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023102
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author Yi-Fei Lu
Yang Wang
Hong-Wei Li
Mu-Sheng Jiang
Xiao-Xu Zhang
Ying-Ying Zhang
Yu Zhou
Xiao-Lei Jiang
Hai-Tao Wang
Yan-Mei Zhao
Chun Zhou
Wan-Su Bao
author_facet Yi-Fei Lu
Yang Wang
Hong-Wei Li
Mu-Sheng Jiang
Xiao-Xu Zhang
Ying-Ying Zhang
Yu Zhou
Xiao-Lei Jiang
Hai-Tao Wang
Yan-Mei Zhao
Chun Zhou
Wan-Su Bao
author_sort Yi-Fei Lu
collection DOAJ
description Mode-pairing (MP) quantum key distribution (QKD) eliminates the requirements of phase locking and phase tracking compared with twin field (TF) QKD while still surpassing the fundamental rate-distance limit of QKD. The complexity of the experimental implementation is reduced while the efficiency can still be guaranteed. In MP-QKD, two communication parties need to pair two effective rounds according to the announced results by the third party. Therefore it is not intuitive how to provide an entanglement protocol equivalent to the prepare-and-measure protocol for proving security. At present, the security of MP-QKD is rigorously proven by examining the consistency of the states detailly between MP-QKD and the fixed-pairing scheme under all of Eve's possible interference to obtain the equivalence, and verifying the security of the latter. Here, we directly present an entanglement model for MP-QKD by proposing a free-pairing entanglement scheme that is equivalent to MP-QKD. This entanglement model simplifies the security proof and provides a clearer insight into the foundation of MP-QKD. Besides, it could provide a theoretical framework for the comprehensive analysis of MP-QKD, such as facilitating practical security analysis. Additionally, we propose an optimized pairing strategy based on the entanglement model. The simulation results show an enhancement of 163% in pairing efficiency with a reasonable pairing interval 2×10^{5}.
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spelling doaj-art-be46e5b44ac847d998d9aa80f09722752025-08-20T02:55:49ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Research2643-15642025-04-017202310210.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023102Entanglement model for mode-pairing quantum key distributionYi-Fei LuYang WangHong-Wei LiMu-Sheng JiangXiao-Xu ZhangYing-Ying ZhangYu ZhouXiao-Lei JiangHai-Tao WangYan-Mei ZhaoChun ZhouWan-Su BaoMode-pairing (MP) quantum key distribution (QKD) eliminates the requirements of phase locking and phase tracking compared with twin field (TF) QKD while still surpassing the fundamental rate-distance limit of QKD. The complexity of the experimental implementation is reduced while the efficiency can still be guaranteed. In MP-QKD, two communication parties need to pair two effective rounds according to the announced results by the third party. Therefore it is not intuitive how to provide an entanglement protocol equivalent to the prepare-and-measure protocol for proving security. At present, the security of MP-QKD is rigorously proven by examining the consistency of the states detailly between MP-QKD and the fixed-pairing scheme under all of Eve's possible interference to obtain the equivalence, and verifying the security of the latter. Here, we directly present an entanglement model for MP-QKD by proposing a free-pairing entanglement scheme that is equivalent to MP-QKD. This entanglement model simplifies the security proof and provides a clearer insight into the foundation of MP-QKD. Besides, it could provide a theoretical framework for the comprehensive analysis of MP-QKD, such as facilitating practical security analysis. Additionally, we propose an optimized pairing strategy based on the entanglement model. The simulation results show an enhancement of 163% in pairing efficiency with a reasonable pairing interval 2×10^{5}.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023102
spellingShingle Yi-Fei Lu
Yang Wang
Hong-Wei Li
Mu-Sheng Jiang
Xiao-Xu Zhang
Ying-Ying Zhang
Yu Zhou
Xiao-Lei Jiang
Hai-Tao Wang
Yan-Mei Zhao
Chun Zhou
Wan-Su Bao
Entanglement model for mode-pairing quantum key distribution
Physical Review Research
title Entanglement model for mode-pairing quantum key distribution
title_full Entanglement model for mode-pairing quantum key distribution
title_fullStr Entanglement model for mode-pairing quantum key distribution
title_full_unstemmed Entanglement model for mode-pairing quantum key distribution
title_short Entanglement model for mode-pairing quantum key distribution
title_sort entanglement model for mode pairing quantum key distribution
url http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023102
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