Ultra-Wideband-Based Method for Measuring Tree Positions With Decimeter-Level Accuracy Under a Forest Canopy
This study presents a low-cost method for measuring tree positions under a forest canopy with decimeter-level accuracy using standalone ultra-wideband data. The proposed method consists of six beacons and one tag, which enable the creation of a sensor network and the localization of trees over an ar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11003419/ |
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| author | Zuoya Liu Harri Kaartinen Teemu Hakala Heikki Hyyti Juha Hyyppa Antero Kukko Ruizhi Chen Mikko Vastaranta |
| author_facet | Zuoya Liu Harri Kaartinen Teemu Hakala Heikki Hyyti Juha Hyyppa Antero Kukko Ruizhi Chen Mikko Vastaranta |
| author_sort | Zuoya Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents a low-cost method for measuring tree positions under a forest canopy with decimeter-level accuracy using standalone ultra-wideband data. The proposed method consists of six beacons and one tag, which enable the creation of a sensor network and the localization of trees over an area of approximately 6500 m<sup>2</sup>. Two efficient signal transceiver mechanisms were developed for raw data collection, followed by an optimized method for setting up the beacon network. Each tree was measured twice at two distinct points around the stem. The tag's trajectory was estimated using an extended Kalman filter with nonline-of-sight processing, and the optimal position of each tree was then extracted from this trajectory. To evaluate the accuracy of the developed method, field tests were conducted in a boreal forest zone in Evo, Finland. Experimental results show that the developed method measured tree positions with a root-mean-square-error of 0.13 m compared to the total station-based reference and 0.14 m compared to the high-density airborne laser scanning-based reference measurements. Therefore, the developed method appears to be suitable for forest surveying tasks that require decimeter-level positional accuracy under a forest canopy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-be40b35f18634a8d8e048bd2819e0ed5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1939-1404 2151-1535 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-be40b35f18634a8d8e048bd2819e0ed52025-08-20T02:04:00ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing1939-14042151-15352025-01-0118129611297210.1109/JSTARS.2025.356995811003419Ultra-Wideband-Based Method for Measuring Tree Positions With Decimeter-Level Accuracy Under a Forest CanopyZuoya Liu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9407-5008Harri Kaartinen1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-3942Teemu Hakala2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5486-4582Heikki Hyyti3Juha Hyyppa4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-4017Antero Kukko5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3841-6533Ruizhi Chen6Mikko Vastaranta7Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute FGI, Espoo, FinlandSchool of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shen Zheng, ChinaSchool of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, FinlandThis study presents a low-cost method for measuring tree positions under a forest canopy with decimeter-level accuracy using standalone ultra-wideband data. The proposed method consists of six beacons and one tag, which enable the creation of a sensor network and the localization of trees over an area of approximately 6500 m<sup>2</sup>. Two efficient signal transceiver mechanisms were developed for raw data collection, followed by an optimized method for setting up the beacon network. Each tree was measured twice at two distinct points around the stem. The tag's trajectory was estimated using an extended Kalman filter with nonline-of-sight processing, and the optimal position of each tree was then extracted from this trajectory. To evaluate the accuracy of the developed method, field tests were conducted in a boreal forest zone in Evo, Finland. Experimental results show that the developed method measured tree positions with a root-mean-square-error of 0.13 m compared to the total station-based reference and 0.14 m compared to the high-density airborne laser scanning-based reference measurements. Therefore, the developed method appears to be suitable for forest surveying tasks that require decimeter-level positional accuracy under a forest canopy.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11003419/Distance measurementforest inventorylocalizationtree mapultra-wideband (UWB) |
| spellingShingle | Zuoya Liu Harri Kaartinen Teemu Hakala Heikki Hyyti Juha Hyyppa Antero Kukko Ruizhi Chen Mikko Vastaranta Ultra-Wideband-Based Method for Measuring Tree Positions With Decimeter-Level Accuracy Under a Forest Canopy IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing Distance measurement forest inventory localization tree map ultra-wideband (UWB) |
| title | Ultra-Wideband-Based Method for Measuring Tree Positions With Decimeter-Level Accuracy Under a Forest Canopy |
| title_full | Ultra-Wideband-Based Method for Measuring Tree Positions With Decimeter-Level Accuracy Under a Forest Canopy |
| title_fullStr | Ultra-Wideband-Based Method for Measuring Tree Positions With Decimeter-Level Accuracy Under a Forest Canopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultra-Wideband-Based Method for Measuring Tree Positions With Decimeter-Level Accuracy Under a Forest Canopy |
| title_short | Ultra-Wideband-Based Method for Measuring Tree Positions With Decimeter-Level Accuracy Under a Forest Canopy |
| title_sort | ultra wideband based method for measuring tree positions with decimeter level accuracy under a forest canopy |
| topic | Distance measurement forest inventory localization tree map ultra-wideband (UWB) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11003419/ |
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