Accurate Determination of 24 Water-Soluble Synthetic Colorants in Premade Cocktail Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection

A rapid, traceable, and highly sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous separation and quantification of 24 water-soluble synthetic colorants in premade cocktails, utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (UPLC-DAD). The purity of each colorant...

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Main Authors: Kang Ma, Yiwen Zhang, Taipeng Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Beverages
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5710/11/3/91
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author Kang Ma
Yiwen Zhang
Taipeng Wu
author_facet Kang Ma
Yiwen Zhang
Taipeng Wu
author_sort Kang Ma
collection DOAJ
description A rapid, traceable, and highly sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous separation and quantification of 24 water-soluble synthetic colorants in premade cocktails, utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (UPLC-DAD). The purity of each colorant was individually confirmed through multi-wavelength analysis. Chromatographic conditions, including mobile phase composition and gradient elution, were meticulously optimized, achieving the separation of the 24 colorants on a BEH C18 column using a linear gradient elution within 16 min. The mobile phase consisted of an ammonium acetate solution (100 mmol/L, pH 6.25) and a mixed organic solvent of methanol and acetonitrile (2:8, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>). The method exhibited excellent linearity across the concentration range of 0.005–10 μg/mL, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.66 to 27.78 μg/L for all 24 colorants. The method also demonstrated good precision (0.1–4.9%) at various concentration levels and recoveries ranging from 87.8% to 104.5% at spiked concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/mL. A comparison with other published methods for colorant determination in food samples using HPLC-DAD and LC-MS (2014–2024) revealed that the proposed method offers superior performance in terms of the number of analytes detected, lower limits of detection, and reduced analytical time. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of colorants in premade cocktails from different sources.
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spelling doaj-art-be374e610f104043bfea21db62d3ce8f2025-08-20T03:32:31ZengMDPI AGBeverages2306-57102025-06-011139110.3390/beverages11030091Accurate Determination of 24 Water-Soluble Synthetic Colorants in Premade Cocktail Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array DetectionKang Ma0Yiwen Zhang1Taipeng Wu2National Institute of Metrology of China, Beijing 100029, ChinaBeijing Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, ChinaNational Institute of Metrology of China, Beijing 100029, ChinaA rapid, traceable, and highly sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous separation and quantification of 24 water-soluble synthetic colorants in premade cocktails, utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (UPLC-DAD). The purity of each colorant was individually confirmed through multi-wavelength analysis. Chromatographic conditions, including mobile phase composition and gradient elution, were meticulously optimized, achieving the separation of the 24 colorants on a BEH C18 column using a linear gradient elution within 16 min. The mobile phase consisted of an ammonium acetate solution (100 mmol/L, pH 6.25) and a mixed organic solvent of methanol and acetonitrile (2:8, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>). The method exhibited excellent linearity across the concentration range of 0.005–10 μg/mL, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.66 to 27.78 μg/L for all 24 colorants. The method also demonstrated good precision (0.1–4.9%) at various concentration levels and recoveries ranging from 87.8% to 104.5% at spiked concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/mL. A comparison with other published methods for colorant determination in food samples using HPLC-DAD and LC-MS (2014–2024) revealed that the proposed method offers superior performance in terms of the number of analytes detected, lower limits of detection, and reduced analytical time. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of colorants in premade cocktails from different sources.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5710/11/3/91water-soluble synthetic colorantspremade cocktailultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (UPLC-DAD)
spellingShingle Kang Ma
Yiwen Zhang
Taipeng Wu
Accurate Determination of 24 Water-Soluble Synthetic Colorants in Premade Cocktail Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection
Beverages
water-soluble synthetic colorants
premade cocktail
ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (UPLC-DAD)
title Accurate Determination of 24 Water-Soluble Synthetic Colorants in Premade Cocktail Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection
title_full Accurate Determination of 24 Water-Soluble Synthetic Colorants in Premade Cocktail Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection
title_fullStr Accurate Determination of 24 Water-Soluble Synthetic Colorants in Premade Cocktail Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection
title_full_unstemmed Accurate Determination of 24 Water-Soluble Synthetic Colorants in Premade Cocktail Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection
title_short Accurate Determination of 24 Water-Soluble Synthetic Colorants in Premade Cocktail Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection
title_sort accurate determination of 24 water soluble synthetic colorants in premade cocktail using ultra performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection
topic water-soluble synthetic colorants
premade cocktail
ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (UPLC-DAD)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5710/11/3/91
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AT taipengwu accuratedeterminationof24watersolublesyntheticcolorantsinpremadecocktailusingultraperformanceliquidchromatographywithdiodearraydetection