Deciphering response dynamics and treatment resistance from circulating tumor DNA after CAR T-cells in multiple myeloma

Abstract Despite advances in treatments, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable cancer where relapse is common. We developed a circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) approach in order to characterize tumor genomics, monitor treatment response, and detect early relapse in MM. By sequencing 412 specimens f...

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Main Authors: Hitomi Hosoya, Mia Carleton, Kailee Tanaka, Brian Sworder, Shriya Syal, Bita Sahaf, Alisha M. Maltos, Oscar Silva, Henning Stehr, Vanna Hovanky, George Duran, Tian Zhang, Michaela Liedtke, Sally Arai, David Iberri, David Miklos, Michael S. Khodadoust, Surbhi Sidana, David M. Kurtz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56486-6
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author Hitomi Hosoya
Mia Carleton
Kailee Tanaka
Brian Sworder
Shriya Syal
Bita Sahaf
Alisha M. Maltos
Oscar Silva
Henning Stehr
Vanna Hovanky
George Duran
Tian Zhang
Michaela Liedtke
Sally Arai
David Iberri
David Miklos
Michael S. Khodadoust
Surbhi Sidana
David M. Kurtz
author_facet Hitomi Hosoya
Mia Carleton
Kailee Tanaka
Brian Sworder
Shriya Syal
Bita Sahaf
Alisha M. Maltos
Oscar Silva
Henning Stehr
Vanna Hovanky
George Duran
Tian Zhang
Michaela Liedtke
Sally Arai
David Iberri
David Miklos
Michael S. Khodadoust
Surbhi Sidana
David M. Kurtz
author_sort Hitomi Hosoya
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Despite advances in treatments, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable cancer where relapse is common. We developed a circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) approach in order to characterize tumor genomics, monitor treatment response, and detect early relapse in MM. By sequencing 412 specimens from 64 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory disease, we demonstrate the correlation between ctDNA and key clinical biomarkers, as well as patient outcomes. We further extend our approach to simultaneously track CAR-specific cell-free DNA (CAR-cfDNA) in patients undergoing anti-BCMA CAR T-cell (BCMA-CAR) therapy. We demonstrate that ctDNA levels following BCMA-CAR inversely correlate with relative time to progression (TTP), and that measurable residual disease (MRD) quantified by peripheral blood ctDNA (ctDNA-MRD) was concordant with clinical bone marrow MRD. Finally, we show that ctDNA-MRD can anticipate clinical relapse and identify the emergence of genomically-defined therapy-resistant clones. These findings suggest multiple clinical uses of ctDNA for MM in molecular characterization and disease surveillance.
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spelling doaj-art-be35e91ab7aa4c96bd05e00d032968c42025-08-20T02:15:08ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-02-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-56486-6Deciphering response dynamics and treatment resistance from circulating tumor DNA after CAR T-cells in multiple myelomaHitomi Hosoya0Mia Carleton1Kailee Tanaka2Brian Sworder3Shriya Syal4Bita Sahaf5Alisha M. Maltos6Oscar Silva7Henning Stehr8Vanna Hovanky9George Duran10Tian Zhang11Michaela Liedtke12Sally Arai13David Iberri14David Miklos15Michael S. Khodadoust16Surbhi Sidana17David M. Kurtz18Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of CaliforniaCenter for Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford UniversityCenter for Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Pathology, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Pathology, Stanford UniversityDepartment of Pathology, Stanford UniversityDivision of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityDivision of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityAbstract Despite advances in treatments, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable cancer where relapse is common. We developed a circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) approach in order to characterize tumor genomics, monitor treatment response, and detect early relapse in MM. By sequencing 412 specimens from 64 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory disease, we demonstrate the correlation between ctDNA and key clinical biomarkers, as well as patient outcomes. We further extend our approach to simultaneously track CAR-specific cell-free DNA (CAR-cfDNA) in patients undergoing anti-BCMA CAR T-cell (BCMA-CAR) therapy. We demonstrate that ctDNA levels following BCMA-CAR inversely correlate with relative time to progression (TTP), and that measurable residual disease (MRD) quantified by peripheral blood ctDNA (ctDNA-MRD) was concordant with clinical bone marrow MRD. Finally, we show that ctDNA-MRD can anticipate clinical relapse and identify the emergence of genomically-defined therapy-resistant clones. These findings suggest multiple clinical uses of ctDNA for MM in molecular characterization and disease surveillance.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56486-6
spellingShingle Hitomi Hosoya
Mia Carleton
Kailee Tanaka
Brian Sworder
Shriya Syal
Bita Sahaf
Alisha M. Maltos
Oscar Silva
Henning Stehr
Vanna Hovanky
George Duran
Tian Zhang
Michaela Liedtke
Sally Arai
David Iberri
David Miklos
Michael S. Khodadoust
Surbhi Sidana
David M. Kurtz
Deciphering response dynamics and treatment resistance from circulating tumor DNA after CAR T-cells in multiple myeloma
Nature Communications
title Deciphering response dynamics and treatment resistance from circulating tumor DNA after CAR T-cells in multiple myeloma
title_full Deciphering response dynamics and treatment resistance from circulating tumor DNA after CAR T-cells in multiple myeloma
title_fullStr Deciphering response dynamics and treatment resistance from circulating tumor DNA after CAR T-cells in multiple myeloma
title_full_unstemmed Deciphering response dynamics and treatment resistance from circulating tumor DNA after CAR T-cells in multiple myeloma
title_short Deciphering response dynamics and treatment resistance from circulating tumor DNA after CAR T-cells in multiple myeloma
title_sort deciphering response dynamics and treatment resistance from circulating tumor dna after car t cells in multiple myeloma
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56486-6
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