Mid-trimester Placental Localisation and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Introduction: Placental location significantly influence the placental blood flow and consequently, pregnancy success. Aim: To determine the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes depending on the second trimester placental location. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in t...
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JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.ijnmr.net/articles/PDF/2436/73878_CE[Ra1]_F(SHU)_QC(PS_SHU)_PF1(AG_SHU)_PFA(SHU)_PB(AG_SHU)_PN(SHU).pdf |
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| author | R Sharmila C Poornima K Anupriya S Maheshwari N Lalitha |
| author_facet | R Sharmila C Poornima K Anupriya S Maheshwari N Lalitha |
| author_sort | R Sharmila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Placental location significantly influence the placental blood flow and consequently, pregnancy success.
Aim: To determine the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes depending on the second trimester placental location.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, from June 2021 to November 2022. A total of 283 pregnant women between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation were included. Details such as maternal age, gravida, placental location in the second-trimester scan, occurrence of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, foetal growth restriction, premature rupture of membranes and preterm premature rupture of membranes were collected. Neonatal details, including APGAR scores at one minute and five minutes, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admissions, intrauterine death, respiratory distress, preterm delivery and low birth weight were also recorded. Data was entered into an MS Excel sheet, and statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0. The Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used for comparison of the two groups.
Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 25.41 years, ranging from 19 to 39 years. Out of the 283 pregnant women, 236 (83.39%) had a centrally located placenta, while 47 (16.61%) had a laterally located placenta. The relationship between placental location and parity was statistically significant (p-value <0.05). Among women with a lateral placenta position, 3 (6.38%) had a Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS), 39 (82.98%) had a vaginal delivery, and 5 (10.64%) had an assisted vaginal delivery. Among women with a central placenta position, 41 (17.37%) had an LSCS, 170 (72.03%) had a vaginal delivery, and 25 (10.59%) had an assisted vaginal delivery. This observation was statistically significant. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences for gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and foetal growth restriction, with p-values of 0.001, 0.004 and 0.049, respectively. NICU admission was required for 18 (38.3%) of those with lateral placentas, compared to 35 (14.8%) with a p-value of 0.001. Low birth weight infants were found in 12 (25.53%) of women with lateral placentas compared to 25 (10.6%) of women with central placentas (p-value of 0.007).
Conclusion: Maternal outcomes such as gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were considerably higher in women with a lateral-position placenta. Furthermore, these pregnancies also exhibited markedly higher rates of foetal growth restriction, NICU admission, preterm birth and low birth weight. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-be322c01bcc64240bb9764b3651dfe50 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2277-8527 2455-6890 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-be322c01bcc64240bb9764b3651dfe502025-08-20T02:48:20ZengJCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd.Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research2277-85272455-68902025-01-01131151810.7860/IJNMR/2025/73878.2436Mid-trimester Placental Localisation and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort StudyR Sharmila0C Poornima1K Anupriya2S Maheshwari3N Lalitha4Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Peters Medical College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India.Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.Introduction: Placental location significantly influence the placental blood flow and consequently, pregnancy success. Aim: To determine the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes depending on the second trimester placental location. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, from June 2021 to November 2022. A total of 283 pregnant women between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation were included. Details such as maternal age, gravida, placental location in the second-trimester scan, occurrence of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, foetal growth restriction, premature rupture of membranes and preterm premature rupture of membranes were collected. Neonatal details, including APGAR scores at one minute and five minutes, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admissions, intrauterine death, respiratory distress, preterm delivery and low birth weight were also recorded. Data was entered into an MS Excel sheet, and statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0. The Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used for comparison of the two groups. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 25.41 years, ranging from 19 to 39 years. Out of the 283 pregnant women, 236 (83.39%) had a centrally located placenta, while 47 (16.61%) had a laterally located placenta. The relationship between placental location and parity was statistically significant (p-value <0.05). Among women with a lateral placenta position, 3 (6.38%) had a Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS), 39 (82.98%) had a vaginal delivery, and 5 (10.64%) had an assisted vaginal delivery. Among women with a central placenta position, 41 (17.37%) had an LSCS, 170 (72.03%) had a vaginal delivery, and 25 (10.59%) had an assisted vaginal delivery. This observation was statistically significant. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences for gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and foetal growth restriction, with p-values of 0.001, 0.004 and 0.049, respectively. NICU admission was required for 18 (38.3%) of those with lateral placentas, compared to 35 (14.8%) with a p-value of 0.001. Low birth weight infants were found in 12 (25.53%) of women with lateral placentas compared to 25 (10.6%) of women with central placentas (p-value of 0.007). Conclusion: Maternal outcomes such as gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were considerably higher in women with a lateral-position placenta. Furthermore, these pregnancies also exhibited markedly higher rates of foetal growth restriction, NICU admission, preterm birth and low birth weight.https://www.ijnmr.net/articles/PDF/2436/73878_CE[Ra1]_F(SHU)_QC(PS_SHU)_PF1(AG_SHU)_PFA(SHU)_PB(AG_SHU)_PN(SHU).pdfcentrallateralmaternal complicationsneonatal outcomeplacenta position |
| spellingShingle | R Sharmila C Poornima K Anupriya S Maheshwari N Lalitha Mid-trimester Placental Localisation and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study Indian Journal of Neonatal Medicine and Research central lateral maternal complications neonatal outcome placenta position |
| title | Mid-trimester Placental Localisation and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study |
| title_full | Mid-trimester Placental Localisation and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Mid-trimester Placental Localisation and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mid-trimester Placental Localisation and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study |
| title_short | Mid-trimester Placental Localisation and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study |
| title_sort | mid trimester placental localisation and pregnancy outcomes a prospective cohort study |
| topic | central lateral maternal complications neonatal outcome placenta position |
| url | https://www.ijnmr.net/articles/PDF/2436/73878_CE[Ra1]_F(SHU)_QC(PS_SHU)_PF1(AG_SHU)_PFA(SHU)_PB(AG_SHU)_PN(SHU).pdf |
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