Bridging the Mackie–Plantinga Debate on Evil with Ibn Arabi’s Metaphysics

This study examines how Ibn Arabi’s metaphysics can address key challenges in the contemporary philosophical debate on the problem of evil. John Mackie famously argues that the existence of an omnibenevolent and omnipotent God is logically incompatible with the existence of evil, suggesting that the...

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Main Author: Elif Nur Balci
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Religions
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/12/1463
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author Elif Nur Balci
author_facet Elif Nur Balci
author_sort Elif Nur Balci
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description This study examines how Ibn Arabi’s metaphysics can address key challenges in the contemporary philosophical debate on the problem of evil. John Mackie famously argues that the existence of an omnibenevolent and omnipotent God is logically incompatible with the existence of evil, suggesting that theism must relinquish one of these divine attributes to resolve this contradiction. Alvin Plantinga, through his Free Will Defense, demonstrates that no logical contradiction undermines the coherence of the theistic conception of God. Although Mackie concedes this point, he contends that Plantinga’s defense does not sufficiently explain why God permits evil. With the resolution of the logical problem of evil, the evidential problem has gained prominence in the theistic debate, where Plantinga’s defense remains inadequate. While Plantinga invites theists to explore potential theological reasons for God’s allowance of evil, he acknowledges that this approach may not yield strong philosophical results. In contrast, Ibn Arabi’s metaphysical framework offers a more comprehensive solution. By integrating ontology, epistemology, and metaphysics to establish a coherent relationship between God, the universe, and humanity, Ibn Arabi renders Mackie’s logical critique irrelevant. Furthermore, his approach fills the gaps left by Plantinga’s defense, offering a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between God and evil.
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spelling doaj-art-be2b57211a594e4eb7e922ccd09333742025-08-20T02:01:29ZengMDPI AGReligions2077-14442024-11-011512146310.3390/rel15121463Bridging the Mackie–Plantinga Debate on Evil with Ibn Arabi’s MetaphysicsElif Nur Balci0Department of Philosophy of Religion, Faculty of Theology, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, TürkiyeThis study examines how Ibn Arabi’s metaphysics can address key challenges in the contemporary philosophical debate on the problem of evil. John Mackie famously argues that the existence of an omnibenevolent and omnipotent God is logically incompatible with the existence of evil, suggesting that theism must relinquish one of these divine attributes to resolve this contradiction. Alvin Plantinga, through his Free Will Defense, demonstrates that no logical contradiction undermines the coherence of the theistic conception of God. Although Mackie concedes this point, he contends that Plantinga’s defense does not sufficiently explain why God permits evil. With the resolution of the logical problem of evil, the evidential problem has gained prominence in the theistic debate, where Plantinga’s defense remains inadequate. While Plantinga invites theists to explore potential theological reasons for God’s allowance of evil, he acknowledges that this approach may not yield strong philosophical results. In contrast, Ibn Arabi’s metaphysical framework offers a more comprehensive solution. By integrating ontology, epistemology, and metaphysics to establish a coherent relationship between God, the universe, and humanity, Ibn Arabi renders Mackie’s logical critique irrelevant. Furthermore, his approach fills the gaps left by Plantinga’s defense, offering a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between God and evil.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/12/1463Godproblem of evilfree will defensetheodicymetaphysicsanalytic philosophy
spellingShingle Elif Nur Balci
Bridging the Mackie–Plantinga Debate on Evil with Ibn Arabi’s Metaphysics
Religions
God
problem of evil
free will defense
theodicy
metaphysics
analytic philosophy
title Bridging the Mackie–Plantinga Debate on Evil with Ibn Arabi’s Metaphysics
title_full Bridging the Mackie–Plantinga Debate on Evil with Ibn Arabi’s Metaphysics
title_fullStr Bridging the Mackie–Plantinga Debate on Evil with Ibn Arabi’s Metaphysics
title_full_unstemmed Bridging the Mackie–Plantinga Debate on Evil with Ibn Arabi’s Metaphysics
title_short Bridging the Mackie–Plantinga Debate on Evil with Ibn Arabi’s Metaphysics
title_sort bridging the mackie plantinga debate on evil with ibn arabi s metaphysics
topic God
problem of evil
free will defense
theodicy
metaphysics
analytic philosophy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/12/1463
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