Zhuang-Mandarin bilingual children in rural China and the role of grandparental input in early bilingualism.

Linguistic properties of bilingual input and their relations with acquisition outcomes are being intensively studied in current research on early bilingual development. Motivated by emerging interests in grandparental input and the unique language profile of Zhuang-Mandarin bilinguals in rural China...

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Main Authors: Ziyin Mai, Patrick C M Wong, Stephen Matthews, Virginia Yip, Hanbo Liao, Jiaqi Nie, Yue Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326671
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author Ziyin Mai
Patrick C M Wong
Stephen Matthews
Virginia Yip
Hanbo Liao
Jiaqi Nie
Yue Chen
author_facet Ziyin Mai
Patrick C M Wong
Stephen Matthews
Virginia Yip
Hanbo Liao
Jiaqi Nie
Yue Chen
author_sort Ziyin Mai
collection DOAJ
description Linguistic properties of bilingual input and their relations with acquisition outcomes are being intensively studied in current research on early bilingual development. Motivated by emerging interests in grandparental input and the unique language profile of Zhuang-Mandarin bilinguals in rural China, this article reports an exploratory study investigating bilingual input-outcome relations in two groups of age-matched kindergarteners who were primarily cared for by Zhuang-speaking grandmothers (GRA group, n = 4) and by Zhuang-Mandarin bilingual mothers (MOT group, n = 5) respectively. Through (grand)parental questionnaires, caregiver-child interaction recordings and direct assessments of the children, we collected two waves of data around the beginning and the end of Mandarin-medium kindergarten, focusing on the input and the outcomes respectively (Time 1/Time 2 design). Our findings show that at both times, the grandparents spoke considerably larger proportions of Zhuang to the children than the mothers, who had completely shifted to Mandarin by Time 2. Both groups of children were dominant in Mandarin at Time 2, demonstrating quantitatively and qualitatively similar production performance, but only the GRA children were able to produce words and narratives in Zhuang. It is argued that early sequential bilingualism actively promoting and supporting grandparental input in Zhuang in addition to school input in Mandarin is beneficial to the preservation of Zhuang as a minority language and mastery of the national majority language. Implications for language intervention and planning concerning minority languages in rural China are discussed.
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spelling doaj-art-be0d4bb6a6a54931b93042a464c846652025-08-20T02:38:22ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01206e032667110.1371/journal.pone.0326671Zhuang-Mandarin bilingual children in rural China and the role of grandparental input in early bilingualism.Ziyin MaiPatrick C M WongStephen MatthewsVirginia YipHanbo LiaoJiaqi NieYue ChenLinguistic properties of bilingual input and their relations with acquisition outcomes are being intensively studied in current research on early bilingual development. Motivated by emerging interests in grandparental input and the unique language profile of Zhuang-Mandarin bilinguals in rural China, this article reports an exploratory study investigating bilingual input-outcome relations in two groups of age-matched kindergarteners who were primarily cared for by Zhuang-speaking grandmothers (GRA group, n = 4) and by Zhuang-Mandarin bilingual mothers (MOT group, n = 5) respectively. Through (grand)parental questionnaires, caregiver-child interaction recordings and direct assessments of the children, we collected two waves of data around the beginning and the end of Mandarin-medium kindergarten, focusing on the input and the outcomes respectively (Time 1/Time 2 design). Our findings show that at both times, the grandparents spoke considerably larger proportions of Zhuang to the children than the mothers, who had completely shifted to Mandarin by Time 2. Both groups of children were dominant in Mandarin at Time 2, demonstrating quantitatively and qualitatively similar production performance, but only the GRA children were able to produce words and narratives in Zhuang. It is argued that early sequential bilingualism actively promoting and supporting grandparental input in Zhuang in addition to school input in Mandarin is beneficial to the preservation of Zhuang as a minority language and mastery of the national majority language. Implications for language intervention and planning concerning minority languages in rural China are discussed.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326671
spellingShingle Ziyin Mai
Patrick C M Wong
Stephen Matthews
Virginia Yip
Hanbo Liao
Jiaqi Nie
Yue Chen
Zhuang-Mandarin bilingual children in rural China and the role of grandparental input in early bilingualism.
PLoS ONE
title Zhuang-Mandarin bilingual children in rural China and the role of grandparental input in early bilingualism.
title_full Zhuang-Mandarin bilingual children in rural China and the role of grandparental input in early bilingualism.
title_fullStr Zhuang-Mandarin bilingual children in rural China and the role of grandparental input in early bilingualism.
title_full_unstemmed Zhuang-Mandarin bilingual children in rural China and the role of grandparental input in early bilingualism.
title_short Zhuang-Mandarin bilingual children in rural China and the role of grandparental input in early bilingualism.
title_sort zhuang mandarin bilingual children in rural china and the role of grandparental input in early bilingualism
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326671
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