Accuracy and reliability of a three-dimensional superimposition method for maxillary jaws and dentition

Abstract Objective This study aims to develop a method for three-dimensional (3D) superimposition of the maxillary jaws and dentition using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scan data, and to evaluate its accuracy and reliability. Materials and methods This study included 32 adult p...

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Main Authors: Qifei Yang, Minchun Cai, Shushu Hao, Huihan Chu, Yuting Wang, Ming Hu, Hui Yang, Zhendong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06637-4
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author Qifei Yang
Minchun Cai
Shushu Hao
Huihan Chu
Yuting Wang
Ming Hu
Hui Yang
Zhendong Wang
author_facet Qifei Yang
Minchun Cai
Shushu Hao
Huihan Chu
Yuting Wang
Ming Hu
Hui Yang
Zhendong Wang
author_sort Qifei Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This study aims to develop a method for three-dimensional (3D) superimposition of the maxillary jaws and dentition using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scan data, and to evaluate its accuracy and reliability. Materials and methods This study included 32 adult patients with Angle Class II malocclusion who underwent clear aligner therapy (CAT). The patients were categorized into two groups: Group 1 (TMEM: Third Molar Extraction Management group), including 16 individuals who had undergone maxillary third molar extraction prior to treatment. Group 2 (RMEM: Retained Maxillary Third Molar group), consisting of 16 patients who retained their maxillary third molars throughout the treatment period. CBCT scans and intraoral scan data were obtained at pre-treatment and post-treatment stages. Voxel-based superimposition and surface-based alignment techniques were applied to register the CBCT images before and after treatment. Subsequently, the digitized maxillary dentition model from intraoral scans was integrated with the CBCT dataset. Image alignment was performed, and its accuracy was verified. The precision and reliability of both alignment methods were systematically evaluated. Results The measurement results revealed that the average alignment accuracy of the CBCT images before and after treatment was 0.52 ± 0.03 mm (0.52 ± 0.03 mm in the TMEM group and 0.53 ± 0.03 mm in the RMEM group, the difference between the two groups was not significant, p = 0.782, p > 0.05), while the average alignment accuracy of the intraoral scan model integrated onto the CBCT images was 0.20 ± 0.02 mm (0.20 ± 0.01 mm in the TMEM group and 0.20 ± 0.01 mm in the RMEM group, the difference between the two groups was not significant, p = 0.551, p > 0.05). All registration methods demonstrated excellent inter-examiner reproducibility within each group (ICC > 0.9). Conclusion This study identified a reproducible and reliable method for 3D superimpose of the maxillary jaw and dentition before and after orthodontic treatment. This method can be used to assess changes in the position of the maxillary dentition and jaw morphology following orthodontic treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-be032b48c1db48f4a83f03fd36f0a2d72025-08-20T04:02:41ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-07-0125111410.1186/s12903-025-06637-4Accuracy and reliability of a three-dimensional superimposition method for maxillary jaws and dentitionQifei Yang0Minchun Cai1Shushu Hao2Huihan Chu3Yuting Wang4Ming Hu5Hui Yang6Zhendong Wang7The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityAbstract Objective This study aims to develop a method for three-dimensional (3D) superimposition of the maxillary jaws and dentition using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scan data, and to evaluate its accuracy and reliability. Materials and methods This study included 32 adult patients with Angle Class II malocclusion who underwent clear aligner therapy (CAT). The patients were categorized into two groups: Group 1 (TMEM: Third Molar Extraction Management group), including 16 individuals who had undergone maxillary third molar extraction prior to treatment. Group 2 (RMEM: Retained Maxillary Third Molar group), consisting of 16 patients who retained their maxillary third molars throughout the treatment period. CBCT scans and intraoral scan data were obtained at pre-treatment and post-treatment stages. Voxel-based superimposition and surface-based alignment techniques were applied to register the CBCT images before and after treatment. Subsequently, the digitized maxillary dentition model from intraoral scans was integrated with the CBCT dataset. Image alignment was performed, and its accuracy was verified. The precision and reliability of both alignment methods were systematically evaluated. Results The measurement results revealed that the average alignment accuracy of the CBCT images before and after treatment was 0.52 ± 0.03 mm (0.52 ± 0.03 mm in the TMEM group and 0.53 ± 0.03 mm in the RMEM group, the difference between the two groups was not significant, p = 0.782, p > 0.05), while the average alignment accuracy of the intraoral scan model integrated onto the CBCT images was 0.20 ± 0.02 mm (0.20 ± 0.01 mm in the TMEM group and 0.20 ± 0.01 mm in the RMEM group, the difference between the two groups was not significant, p = 0.551, p > 0.05). All registration methods demonstrated excellent inter-examiner reproducibility within each group (ICC > 0.9). Conclusion This study identified a reproducible and reliable method for 3D superimpose of the maxillary jaw and dentition before and after orthodontic treatment. This method can be used to assess changes in the position of the maxillary dentition and jaw morphology following orthodontic treatment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06637-4CBCT imagesSuperimpositionIntraoral scan modelAccuracyReliability
spellingShingle Qifei Yang
Minchun Cai
Shushu Hao
Huihan Chu
Yuting Wang
Ming Hu
Hui Yang
Zhendong Wang
Accuracy and reliability of a three-dimensional superimposition method for maxillary jaws and dentition
BMC Oral Health
CBCT images
Superimposition
Intraoral scan model
Accuracy
Reliability
title Accuracy and reliability of a three-dimensional superimposition method for maxillary jaws and dentition
title_full Accuracy and reliability of a three-dimensional superimposition method for maxillary jaws and dentition
title_fullStr Accuracy and reliability of a three-dimensional superimposition method for maxillary jaws and dentition
title_full_unstemmed Accuracy and reliability of a three-dimensional superimposition method for maxillary jaws and dentition
title_short Accuracy and reliability of a three-dimensional superimposition method for maxillary jaws and dentition
title_sort accuracy and reliability of a three dimensional superimposition method for maxillary jaws and dentition
topic CBCT images
Superimposition
Intraoral scan model
Accuracy
Reliability
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06637-4
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